Question

1. What is cloud computing from a "* as a Service" perspective? How does virtualization work on say, VirtualBox? What role does virtualization play on the cloud platform?

2. What are some differences between using a Cat6 cable and Wi-Fi for say, watching Netflix? What security implications can you think of between the two approaches? Use layers to explain.

3. What are the advantages of IPv6 over IPv4? Why is security often considered to be a major advantage in IPv6?

4. What is cloud orchestration? What are some advantages of using a cloud orchestration platform (such as Juju)? What role does orchestration play in the scalability of a business?

Answer 1

1).What is cloud computing from a “* as a service”
Ans).SaaS: Software as a Service
Software as a Service, also known as cloud application services, represents the most commonly utilized option for businesses in the cloud market. SaaS utilizes the internet to deliver applications, which are managed by a third-party vendor, to its users. A majority of SaaS applications run directly through your web browser, which means they do not require any downloads or installations on the client side.
PaaS: Platform as a Service
Cloud platform services, also known as Platform as a Service (PaaS), provide cloud components to certain software while being used mainly for applications. PaaS delivers a framework for developers that they can build upon and use to create customized applications. All servers, storage, and networking can be managed by the enterprise or a third-party provider while the developers can maintain management of the applications.
IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service
Cloud infrastructure services, known as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), are made of highly scalable and automated compute resources. IaaS is fully self-service for accessing and monitoring computers, networking, storage, and other services. IaaS allows businesses to purchase resources on-demand and as-needed instead of having to buy hardware outright.
2).How does virtualization works?
Ans).Virtualization in Computer Science field means providing virtual version of hardware or software to another software. For example, VirtualBox provides a virtual version of your CPU and Memory to its guest OS. Java Virtual Machine and .NET CLR also follows the same principles.
Specifically to OS Virtualization, there are many things what a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) does. It sits between the guest OS and the host OS. Host OS sees the Virtual Box and guest OS combination as a normal process. If you would have read different OS concepts, then you would know that there is a process priority, virtual memory, segmentation, process managements etc.
Process Priority: VMM handles these things for the OS. VMM usually works on the highest priority level, so that they could deliver maximum performance to the guest OS.
Process IDs: VMM will maps Guest OS's virtual process IDs and the real Process IDs.
Memory Management: One of the main concerns is how memory is used by the guest OS. As, I told above that VMM sits between the host and guest, it plays an important role in memory management for guest OS. Guest OS usually would be unaware that it is running under a VMM. So, as usual it will create a Virtual Memory for every process, divide Physical Memory into frames and all the other usual work an OS would do with memory. Problems come when Guest OS's process wants to access a part of memory. As said, Guest OS has no idea that a VMM sits between itself and Host OS and CPU. Hence, VMM separates the notion of real and physical memory. Real memory is the separate, intermediate level between virtual memory and physical memory. Guest OS maps virtual memory to real memory via its page table and VMM page tables maps the guests real memory to physical memory. VMM may also maintain a shadow page table. It maps directly from the guest virtual address space to the physical address space of the hardware. VMM also manages a real TLB and has a copy of the contents of the TLB of Guest OS. This will also virtualize the TLB.
I/O: This is the most difficult part for the virtualization system because there are many number of devices and providing a virtualized copy of each device is difficult. The method to map a virtual to physical I/O device depends on the type of type. For physical disks VMMs create virtual disks for Guest OS and again it maintains a mapping of virtual tracks and sectors to physical ones.
3).What Is The Role Of Virtualization In Cloud Computing?
Ans).The combination of hardware and software engineering that creates Virtual Machines (VMs) and enables multiple operating systems to run on the same platform. In the field of IT , the fundamental change happening is Cloud Computing.
Virtualization is the backbone of Cloud Computing; Cloud Computing brings efficient benefits as well as makes it more convenient with the help of Virtualization, not only this, it also provides solutions for great challenges in the field of data security and privacy protection. Virtualization is the imitation of hardware within a software program. The role of multiple computers is allowed on a single computer. In a file or a web server, the usage of purchase, maintenance, depreciation, energy and floor space is double, but by creating virtual web or file server all of our objectives are fulfilled like the use of hardware resources to its maximum, flexibility, improvement in security, reduced cost. Efficient use of resources, increased security, portability, problem free testing, easier manageability, increased flexibility, fault isolation, rapid deployment are the benefits of virtualization.
Virtualization in Cloud Computing:
For combining local and network resources data storage virtualization.
For grouping physical storage devices into the single unit
For reaching the high level of availability or improving availability using virtualization
Improving performance using virtualization
Using virtualization using stripping and caching
Capacity improvement
Importance of Virtualization:
For the maintenance of resources in cloud computing environment, virtualization is a necessity as it makes it easier. Virtualization in Cloud Computing increases security as it protects both the integrity of guest virtual machines and cloud components. Cloud Component virtualized machines can also be scaled up or down on demand or can provide reliability. Resource Sharing, high utilization of pooled resources, rapid provisioning are also some of the factors Managed Service Provider VA provides.

4).Advantages of ipv6 over ipv4
More Efficient Routing
More Efficient Packet Processing
Directed Data Flows
Simplified Network Configuration
Support For New Services
Security
5).Why is security often considered to be a major advantage in ipv6?
Ans).IPSec, which provides confidentiality, authentication and data integrity, is baked into in IPv6. Because of their potential to carry malware, IPv4 ICMP packets are often blocked by corporate firewalls, but ICMPv6, the implementation of the Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6, may be permitted because IPSec can be applied to the ICMPv6 packets.
6)What is Cloud Orchestration?
Ans).Cloud orchestration refers to the arrangement and coordination of automated tasks resulting in a consolidated process or workflow. Cloud orchestration offers a systematic approach that maximizes the automation benefits of agility and reduces costs.
7)Advantages of Cloud Orchestration?
Ans).
Simplified Optimization
Effective Visibility and Control
Remediation and Reduced Errors  
Cost Effective
8).What role does orchestration plays in scalability?
Ans).Through orchestration, businesses can optimize their cloud environment to scale their computing power on-demand, in order to meet increased business needs. Once there’s no longer a need for high computing power, businesses can simply scale down and reduce the operating costs along the way.

9).difference between using cat6 and wifi

Ans)