Question

Screening tests for genetic issues can be performed in the first trimester, second trimester or both trimesters. Carrier testing is also an option performed prior to or during pregnancy. Carrier testing provides information as to whether one or both parents are carriers for certain inherited disorders. The results of these tests are used to determine an appropriate plan of care for the patient.

Genetic testing of the fetus and the parents offers both opportunities and ethical challenges. As a Registered Nurse, you need to be aware of your own feelings to provide non-biased professional support.

Compose a response to the following:

• Implications of genetic testing and the role of the registered nurse in providing support to a couple seeking guidance. Provide one example of how genetic testing is used in the reproductive (preconception, conception, pregnancy) setting.
• Consider if the registered nurse has the right to refuse to care for patients who choose termination of pregnancy based on genetic testing when it conflicts with the ethics and values of the nurse.
• Discuss how medical, economic, or psychosocial issues might impact decision making relative to genetic testing.

Answer 1

Implications of genetic testing and the nurses role:
-The principle of autonomy,privacy,confidentiality and equality play a important role in genetic testing..individual rights and decision implement the screening possible..
   -Genetic research is now a better understanding of the genetic components of common diseases like cancer,diabetes and stroke..and new gene-based technologies for screening,prevention,diagnosis and treatment for all the diseases..
-nurses support with couple seeking genetic testing..nurses must explain all this advantages of this test and effective information about genetic and genomic to patient with an understanding of associated ethical issues..
-Nurses should use integrate comprehensive and current knowledge in genetics and genomics into their practices to most fully meet the needs of their patients,families and society..
Genetic testing in the reproductive setting:
example:
Pre implantation genetic diagnosis(PGD)
   The screening of early embryos for disease-causing genes to enable the selection of healthy embryos..The technique called conjuction with invitro fertilization..provide number of embryos..A single cell removed from an eight-stage embryo and used for genetic test..it can be tested for a specific diseases either a gene probe and fluorescence in situ hybridization or the polymerase chain reaction..if results satisfactory embryo implanted in the mother's uterus and development process starts..
      Federal and institutional protection of nurses rights:
   The nurse should retain the right to practice in his or her area of expertise following refuses to participate in an abortion,sterlization,gender reassignment surgery or any other procedure..In addition one's moral and ethical beliefs should not be used as criteria for employment,unless they preclude the nurse from fulfilling essential job functions..
   Previous years cancer genetic testing risk of developing cancer could lead to depression,anxiety and even suicidal thoughts,so research has shown that person who came to know their genetic test results indicate a cancer risk are not likely to develop clinical psychopathologies..patient with any medical history like subtypes of ovarian,fallopian tube and peritoneal cancers are more likely than other to be associated with an inherited genetic mutation..
    Due to cost or lack of insurance coverage for testing impact genetic testing and screening..