Question

written Assignment

Chapter 50, Introduction to the renal system.

1.Describe the structural and functional processes of kidney function

2. Calcium, sodium, potassium, and chloride are controlled by the nephron, Describe this method of control

3. Discuss the mechanism of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and how this system is affected in the event of trauma or surgery resulting in blood loss

Group assignment

1. Draw a diagram of the kidney and label each area

2. Design a flowchat explaining the countercurrent mechanism in the loop of henle and effects of sodium and chloride on this mechanism

3

Answer 1

Renal system:
Structure:
   Kidneys are paired shaped organ found on each side of the back portion of the abdominal cavity.It is bean shaped have an outer covering called cortex and inner concave side called renal hilus..Here renal artery,vein and ureter are found..A thin connective tissue called renal capsule which maintain kidney shape and protects the inner tissues..inside the capsule out layer called renal cortex,inner most layer is the renal medulla,it contains several renal pyramids,each apex of the renal pyramid connects minor calyx,narrow collecting tube for urine..
Each part having different functions:
Renal hilus: Here renal vein and ureter leave the kidney and the renal artery enters the kidney..
Renal capsule: It protects and helps maintain the kidney shape and helps protect the kidney from damage..
Renal cortex: where blood vessels are found
Renal pelvis: It recives urine drained from the nephrons by collecting ducts and papillary ducts.
Renal artery; It seperate into afferent arterioles that serve each of the nephrons.
Renal vein: It receives deoxygenated blood from the kidney and returns to systemic circulation.
Kidney nephrons: This is functional unit of kidney
Ureter: It carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Nephron: it removes waste from the body..There are 2types of nephrons..The cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons lie close to the medulla..nephron consist of renal corpusacle,it composed of a glomerulus..the glomerulus connects to a long,convoluted renal tubule which is divided into three functional parts..urine passes through the renal medulla as a fluid with high sodium and leaves through the renal papillae in to the renal calyces into the renal pelvis and bladder to the ureter..
Kidney functions:
    It excretes waste,maintain water balance,regulates blood pressure, regulates red blood cells and acid levels..