3. Are the following languages A and B over the alphabet Σ = {a, b, c, d} regular or nonregular? • For a language that is regular, give a regular expression that defines it. • For a nonregular language, using the pumping lemma prove that it is not regular. (a) A = {d 2j+1c k+1 | j ≥ k ≥ 0} · {c r+2b 2s+3 | r ≥ 0 and s ≥ 0} (b) B = {a 2j+2b k+3c j+1 | j ≥ 1 and k ≥ 1} · {d m+3 | m ≥ 0} Above “·” stands for language concatenation. Hints: The languages A and B are each expressed as concatenation of two components. If one (or both) of the components is non-regular, this does not imply anything about the non-regularity of the concatenation. If trying to show that a language C is non-regular, we have to apply the pumping lemma to the entire language C (and not to the individual components of the concatenation). On the other hand, if trying to show that C is regular, we can find regular expressions for the two components separately and then use the concatenation operation.

5. (20%) Suppose we have an array int a [8] = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6}; and we also have a linked list L of 5 entries 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 5 -> 6, where 1 is the first in the linked list L, followed by 2 etc. We want to put a new item 4 between 3 and 5 in the array a and in the linked list L

(a) Explain in plain English how you do that in the array a. You may have to shift items right (or left?) Do you use a loop like a for loop? You can write some C / C++ / C# / Java code etc. to convince me, but the code does not have to run.

(b) Explain in plain English how you do that in the linked list L. How do you change the link from 3 to 5 in the original list L? You can write some code or pseudo code to convince me.

Scenario: you are designing PlayMe.io – a mobile app to enter, manage, and play music playlists.

1. Using simple block diagram to show the architecture of the system.
2. Pick an architectural pattern to use for PlayMe.io. Explain the rationale of its use, advantages, and potential pitfalls.

​​​​​​​For java program.

1. Write a while loop that will let the user enter a series of integer values and compute the total values and number of values entered. An odd number will stop the loop. Display the number of iterations and the total of the values after the loop terminates.

for Loop

2. Write a for loop to display all numbers from 13 - 93 inclusive, ending in 3.

3. Write a for loop to display a string entered by the user backwards.

do Loop

4. Write a do .. loop for the random number dice problem from Chap Three. Add a counter variable that is used to count the number of times this code is executed in the loop and stops after 5 times.

roll = rand.nextInt(6) + 1;

      System.out.println(" Roll = " + roll);

ctr++;

Here is a sample output display:

The rolls are:

Roll = 3

Roll = 1

Roll = 4

Roll = 6

Roll = 4

Add a loop structure using the while loop and then add a for loop. The program should include 3 loops that do the same thing. What is the “best” loop structure to use for this problem and why?

(C++ only please)

1. Write a function called maximum that takes an array of double values as a parameter and returns the largest value in the array. The length of the array will also be passed as a parameter. (Note that the contents of the array should NOT be modified.)

2. Write a function called printReverse that takes an array of characters and the length of the array as parameters. It should print the elements of the array in reverse order. The function should not return anything. (Note that the contents of the array should NOT be modified.)

3. Write a function called triple that takes an array of integers as a parameter as well as the length of the array. It should triple each value in the array. The function should not return anything. (Note that the contents of the array WILL be modified.)

4. Write a program (i.e. a main function) that simply calls each of the 3 functions above. For each function, initialize an array with arbitrary values, then call the corresponding function and display the result. For the maximum function, you will initialize an array of double values. Then you will call the maximum function, passing that array of doubles, and print the result. For the printReverse function, you will initialize an array of characters. Then you will call the printReverse function to print the array of characters in reverse order. Finally, you will initialize an array and call the triple function. For the triple function, you will need to print the entire array after the function has been called to show that each element was indeed tripled. (Hint: Your main function should consist of about 8 lines of code.)

Language:C++

NEEDS TO WORK IN VISUAL BASIC

error on line 41 expression must have a constant value

#include
using namespace std;
//function declaration
void EnterRents(int*, int);
void displayRents(int*, int);
void selectionSort(int*, int);
int sumRents(int* temp, int size)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
sum += *(temp + i);
}
return sum;
}
void Displaymemory(int* temp, int size)
{
/*int memory;
memory=sizeof(temp)*size;
cout< for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
cout << &temp[i] << " ";
}
}
//main drive
int main()
{
int n;

char c;

cout << "Enter a for enter the rents amounts" << endl;
cout << "Enter b to display rents amounts" << endl;
cout << "Enter c to sort the rents amounts" << endl;
cout << "Enter d to total rents amounts" << endl;
cout << "Enter e to display memory alloaction" << endl;
cout << "Enter f to exit" << endl;
cout << "Enter the number of amount items stored in Amout array " << endl;
cin >> n;
int arr[n];
//while statement with switch case to call declared function
while (1)
{
cout << endl;
cout << "Enter your choice" << endl;
cin >> c;
switch (c)
{
case 'a':
cout << "Enter the " << n << " no of Rents amount" << endl;
EnterRents(arr, n);
break;
//Other switch cases
case 'b':
cout << "Display Rents" << endl;
displayRents(arr, n);
break;
case 'c':
cout << "sort Rents amounts" << endl;
selectionSort(arr, n);
cout << "sorted elemnts are" << endl;
displayRents(arr, n);
break;
case 'd':
cout << "Total Rents" << endl;
cout << sumRents(arr, n) << endl;
break;
case 'e':
cout << "Display memoryLocation" << endl;
Displaymemory(arr, n);
break;
case 'f':
cout << "f entered by user to exit" << endl;
exit(1);
default:
cout << "Invalid input.";
break;

}
}

return 0;
}
//function definition
void EnterRents(int* arr, int size)
{
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
cin >> arr[i];
}
}
void displayRents(int* arr, int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << *(arr + i) << " ";
}
}
//void selectionSort(int*,int)
void selectionSort(int* pointer, int size)
{
int* i, * j, swap;
int* end = NULL;

if (size < 2 || pointer == NULL)
return;

end = pointer + size - 1;

for (i = pointer; i < end; i++)
{
for (j = i + 1; j <= end; j++)
{
if (*j < *i)
{
swap = *i;
*i = *j;
*j = swap;
}
}
}
}

Which statement is true of symmetric encryption?

Question 2 options:

Which type of access control is used to protect systems from unauthorized access?

Question 4 options:

why my code for mergesort always wrong ?

void Merge(vector<int>& data, int p, int q, int r)
{
int n1 = q - p + 1;
int n2 = r - q;
vector<int>left(n1);
vector<int>right(n2);
for(int i = 0; i < n1; i++)
{
left[i] = data[p + i];
}
for(int j = 0; j < n2; j++)
{
right[j] = data[q+j+1];
}
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for(int k = p; k <= r; k++)
{
if(left[i] <= right[j])
{
data[k] = left[i];
i += 1;
}
else
{
data[k] = right[j];
j += 1;
}
}
}

void MergeSort(vector<int>& data, int p, int r)
{
if(p<r)
{
int q = (p+r)/2;
MergeSort(data, p, q);
MergeSort(data, q+1, r);
Merge(data, p, q, r);
}

This assignment will require you to write a 300-word APA style essay paper with references on the topic of Net-Neutrality

The paper should focus specifically on the following:

What is Net-Neutrality and your position on the subject - for or against and why?

How does Net-Neutrality impact digital forensics?

Should Internet Service Providers (ISP's) be liable for computer crimes committed on their networks?

Does Net-Neutrality support freedom of speech - if yes or no, why?

Course name : Algorithm and Data Structure-I

Write a brief note about dependent structure.

Compare between tree and qraph.

Explain What we means by "Data encapsulation"? And give example.

Explain the concept of interface in java with example.

Calculate T(n) and Big O notation for the following algorithm:    

Initialize sum to 0.

Initialize index variable i to 0

While i<n do the following

1. Add x[i] to sum.
2.   Increment i by 1.

          Calculate and return mean = sum / n .

*Please answer these with no pics or hand writing

Cyber security

Cryptography Homework

Part 1: Find good encryption solutions

1. Search the web for various commercial encryption algorithms.
2. Find one that you feel may be “snake oil”.
3. Write a report explaining the encryption algorithm and your opinion
   *in-text citations and references are required
   *written in at least 2~3 paragraphs

Hello I have this error in the code, I do not know how to fix it. It is written in C++ using a Eclipse IDE

Error: libc++abi.dylib: terminating with uncaught exception of type std::out_of_range: basic_string

bus.h

===========

#pragma once
#include
using namespace std;

class Bus {
private:
   string BusId; // bus ID
   string Manufacturer; // manufacturer of the bus
   int BusCapacity; // bus capacity
   int Mileage; // mileage of bus
   char Status; // current status of the bus
public:
   Bus(string bus_id, string manufac, int cap, int mileage, char status); // constructor
   ~Bus(); // destructor
   // getter methods
   string getBusId(); // return bus id
   string getManufacturer(); // return manufacturer of the bus
   int getBusCapacity(); // return bus capacity
   int getMileage(); // return bus mileage
   char getStatus(); // return current status of bus
   // setter methods
   void setStatus(char s); // set the given status to the bus status
};

============

bus.cpp

============

#include "bus.h"

Bus::Bus(string bus_id, string manufac, int cap, int mileage, char status) {
   // initialize member variables
   BusId = bus_id;
   Manufacturer = manufac;
   BusCapacity = cap;
   Mileage = mileage;
   Status = status;
}

Bus::~Bus() {
   // delete bus object
}

string Bus::getBusId() {
   return BusId;
}

string Bus::getManufacturer() {
   return Manufacturer;
}

int Bus::getBusCapacity() {
   return BusCapacity;
}

int Bus::getMileage() {
   return Mileage;
}

char Bus::getStatus() {
   return Status;
}

void Bus::setStatus(char s) {
   Status = s;
}

================

functions.h

================

#pragma once
#include "bus.h"
#include

// print column header
void displayCH();

// print bus data
void printId(string id);
void printMfc(string mfc);
void printCap(int cap);
void printMileage(int mileage);
void printStatus(char s);
void printEndl();

=============

functions.cpp

=============

#include "functions.h"

void displayCH() {
   cout << "=================================================================" << endl;
   cout << setw(10) << left << "Bus ID";
   cout << setw(20) << left << "Bus Manufacturer";
   cout << setw(10) << right << "Bus Capacity";
   cout << setw(10) << right << "Mileage";
   cout << setw(10) << right << "Status" << endl;
   cout << "=================================================================" << endl;
}

void printId(string id) {
   cout << setw(10) << left << id;
}

void printMfc(string mfc) {
   cout << setw(20) << left << mfc;
}

void printCap(int cap) {
   cout << setw(10) << right << cap;
}

void printMileage(int mileage) {
   cout << setw(10) << right << mileage;
}

void printStatus(char s) {
   cout << setw(10) << right << s << endl;
}

void printEndl() {
   cout << "---end of list---" << endl;
}

===========

main.cpp

===========

#include "functions.h"
#include
#include
#include

int main() {
   vector buses; // stores a list of buses created
   // read input record
   // create file stream object to read data
   ifstream file("input.txt");
   string line; // stores input record for a bus
   while (!file.eof()) {
       getline(file, line); // read input line by line
       // first 5 character in record are bus id
       string id = line.substr(0, 5);
       // remove id from line
       line = line.substr(5);
       // last charater in record is status
       char status = line.at(line.length() - 1);
       // remove last charater from line
       line = line.substr(0,line.length()-1);
       // now last 7 digit are mileage of bus
       string miles = line.substr(line.length() - 7);
       // remove last 7 character from line
       line = line.substr(0, line.length() - 7);
       // convert string to int
       int mileage = stoi(miles);
       // now last 3 digit in the line are bus capacity
       int cap = stoi(line.substr(line.length() - 3));
       // remove last 3 character from line
       line = line.substr(0, line.length() - 3);
       // remainig data in line is manufaturer
       // create a bus object
       Bus b(id,line,cap,mileage,status);
       // add bus to the list
       buses.push_back(b);
   }// end of while loop
   // close file stream as done reading data
   file.close();

   // get user input
   string input = ""; // stores user input
   while (input != "X") {
       // promt user for input
       cout << "Enter transaction code (D=display, L=list a bus, C=change, X=exit)" << endl;
       getline(cin, input); // get input from user
       // read input
       if (input.substr(0,1) == "D") {
           //display all bus object
           displayCH();
           for (int i = 0; i < buses.size(); i++) {
               printId(buses.at(i).getBusId()); // print bus id
               printMfc(buses.at(i).getManufacturer()); // print bus manufacturer
               printCap(buses.at(i).getBusCapacity()); // print bus capacity
               printMileage(buses.at(i).getMileage()); // print bus mileage
               printStatus(buses.at(i).getStatus()); // print current status of the bus
           }
           printEndl();
       }
       // check if input is exit
       else if (input.substr(0, 1) == "X") {
           // break the loop
           break;
       }
       // check if input is list
       else if (input.substr(0, 1) == "L") {
           // check for bus id
           string id = input.substr(2);
           // create a flag to indicate if bus found
           bool found = false;
           for (int i = 0; i < buses.size(); i++) {
               if (buses.at(i).getBusId().compare(id) == 0) {
                   // print header
                   displayCH();
                   // print bus data
                   printId(buses.at(i).getBusId()); // print bus id
                   printMfc(buses.at(i).getManufacturer()); // print bus manufacturer
                   printCap(buses.at(i).getBusCapacity()); // print bus capacity
                   printMileage(buses.at(i).getMileage()); // print bus mileage
                   printStatus(buses.at(i).getStatus()); // print current status of the bus
                   printEndl(); // print end line
                   // set flag to true
                   found = true;
               }
           }// checked all buses data
           if (!found) {
               // print error
               cout << "Not found" << endl;
           }
       }
       // check if input is change
       else if (input.substr(0, 1) == "C") {
           // check for bus id
           string id = input.substr(2,5);
           // create a flag to indicate if bus found
           bool found = false;
           for (int i = 0; i < buses.size(); i++) {
               if (buses.at(i).getBusId().compare(id) == 0) {
                   // get current status of bus
                   char status = input.at(8);
                   // change status of bus
                   buses.at(i).setStatus(status);
                   // print message of change done
                   cout << "Change successful" << endl;
                   // set flag to true
                   found = true;
               }
           }// checked all buses data
           if (!found) {
               // print error
               cout << "Not found" << endl;
           }
       }
       else {
           // print error in input
           cout << "Invalid Input!" << endl;
       }
   }
   // print goodbuy message
   cout << "Thank you and have a nice day!" << endl;

   return 0;
}

==========

input.txt

==========

A1234Gillig 0750001000a
B2345Flxible 1100011235a
C3456Daimler 0350002500a
D4567MAN 0900125000a
E5678General Mo1400150000a
F6789Gillig 0480002000r
G7890Gillig 0480003000m
H8901Flxible 1100012330m
I9012Flxible 1090015500a
J0123Daimler 0350002750r

Write a python programA3) Lambda Expressions. Use lambda expression to sort the list ["democratic", "republican", "equal", "python", "break", "two", "ruby"] by: a) the last 2 characters of each list item in reverse order b) create new list from list above where each item has only 3 characters and first one is capitalized. For example, the list item = "democratic" will transform into "Dem". Apply alphabetically sorting to the new list.  

Write a program which shows how two-dimensional arrays which contain multiple copies of your id number and age are passed to methods. Explain in your own words each method and class used in the program.

My id number is 12133149