Which of the following best illustrates the idea of government failure and why? For each of the others, indicate why it does not illustrate the idea of government failure, or if you’d need more information to determine if it does and what information you would want to have. Think about this in terms of government action that works against the attainment of efficient policy.

        a.     A new environmental law raises the cost of coal powered energy production.

        b.    Agricultural farm support payments increase acreage planted thus increase fertilizer use and runoff and decrease water quality.

        c.     A local government builds a new park at a cost of $1.7 million.

7.     (4 points) Are the impacts of a program to control automobile pollution progressively or regressively distributed by income levels? Explain in a way that makes it clear what a progressive or regressive distribution of impacts is. Compare to a program to ensure the quality of public water supply systems for household water supply.

could someone answer these terms by defining it and explain the term as well of international relations course

5. Interstate/international system
6. Sovereignty
7. The New Deal
8. Cold War
9. Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
10. Proxy wars

1. Consider the economy of country A. The nominal GDP increases from $40,000 to $80,000 in 15 years. Annual population growth rate is 2% and the annual inflation rate is 1%.  

1. Calculate the annual economic growth rate of country A.
2. Approximately, how long will it take for the real GDP per capita of country A to double?
3. The country discovered a new oil field, but economic growth rate fell afterward. Explain how this could happen.
4. For each of the following separate policies, determine the associated factor of economic growth.

(1) natural resources; (2) physical capital; (3) human capital; (4) technology; or (5) institutions:

(Explanations are not required, choose only one from the above list for each of the following)

1. The government allows for the freedom of speech.
2. Small companies receive tax credit from the government for hiring high-school dropouts.
3. Firms are penalized for burning coal as a source of energy.
4. The country plans to expand the subway system.
5. The government hires more police to improve the law and order.

If successful politics almost invariably requires compromise, then why aren't we seeing more of it in national politics?

• People have a tendency to categorize others into hierarchies. What do you all think has been the source of racial hierarchies in the United States? Do these hierarchies have any validity? Why or why not?

• As you are learning, race is not the simple product of biology (such as the physical features that someone possess), but is actually the result of the ways that society defines how these outward features acts as signs, carrying culturally constructed meanings. Do you agree with this view that race is a cultural construction? Why or why not? Give an example to support your opinion.

1. You are playing rock, paper, scissors with a friend. Each time you win, your friend gives you a dollar. Each time you lose, you pay your friend a dollar. Both of you play optimally with a mixed strategy of playing rock, paper, and scissors exactly one-third of the time each in a completely unpredictable way. Suddenly, a third person enters the room and offers to pay your friend (not you) 50 cents each time your friend throws a rock. What is your friend’s optimal strategy now? What is your optimal strategy?

You are the manager of College Computers, a manufacturer of customized computers that meet the specifications required by the local university. Over 90 percent of your clientele consists of college students. College Computers is not the only firm that builds computers to meet this university’s specifications; indeed, it competes with many manufacturers online and through traditional retail outlets. To attract its large student clientele, College Computers runs a weekly ad in the student paper advertising its “free service after the sale” policy in an attempt to differentiate itself from the competition. The weekly demand for computers produced by College Computers is given by Q = 800 – 2P, and its weekly cost of producing computers is C(Q) = 1,200 + 2Q2. If other firms in the industry sell PCs at $300, what price and quantity of computers should you produce to maximize your firm’s profits?

Price: $

Quantity: computers

) Explain any two of the following statements with economic reasoning and appropriate diagram(s) a. A competitive firm’s supply curve in the short-run is a segment of MC curve. b. The long-run equilibrium of a perfectly competitive firm is both productively and allocatively efficient. c. A marginal revenue curve of a monopolist lies below the demand curve

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what are the four most important causes of the American Revolution and why are they important?