The Supreme Court ruled that Eastman Kodak Company must stand trial in an antitrust suit that has important implications for the ability of manufacturers to control the markets for the parts and servicing of the products they make. Independent servicing companies that sell replacement parts and service for Kodak's line of sophisticated business machines contend that Kodak was trying to force them out of business by restricting their access to replacement parts and by trying to insure that customers for its business machines either service the machines themselves or buy service directly from Kodak. The service companies' lawsuit accused Kodak of two violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act: unlawfully tying the sales of service for Kodak machines to the sale of parts, and unlawfully trying to monopolize the market for service. Kodak controls nearly the entire market for its replacement parts -- which are not interchangeable with the parts for other manufacturers' machines -- and between 80 and 95-percent of the service market. But it has only about a 20-percent share of the overall market for the machines at issue in the case: high volume copiers and equipment used for microfilm and microfiche. There is significant competition in that market with Kodak having a smaller market share than IBM and Xerox. Kodak contended that it could not be found to be exercising monopoly power in the parts and service market in the absence of market power in sales and basic equipment. It asked the Court to adopt a rule that a parts and service business cannot be considered a monopoly as long as there is competition in the sales and manufacture of the machines. Kodak also asked the Court to rule that the market for a single brand of a product or service -- such as its own replacement parts -- can never be a "market" for assessing monopoly behavior under the Sherman Act. The company said its power in the parts market should be judged not by the fact that it controlled nearly 100-percent of the market for its own parts, but by the much smaller portion it controlled of the market for parts of all the competing machines. (New York Times, June 9, 1992, p. C1)

(a) Carefully explain in what "market" Kodak has a monopoly given that it does not have a significant share of the primary market in which it sells its basic equipment. If Kodak required purchasers of its equipment to agree to purchase Kodak servicing at the time the equipment was purchased, how would your monopoly argument be affected? Note that Kodak charges more for servicing than the independent servicing companies.

(b) Assuming that the basic equipment market is competitive, explain under what conditions Kodak's restrictive policy with respect to exclusive servicing would not be a monopolizing restraint. That is, would competition in the servicing of a durable producer good imply a jointly nonoptimal outcome for the buyer and manufacturer of the durable good?

How might centralization of decision making adversely affect local managers in an MNE?

2. How might social media lead to more polarization of political opinions? How might it lead to less polarization? What are factors that might mitigate either of these processes? Overall, do you think social media improves political debate?

9- If the indifference curve shows the level of of an individual: true or false

10- The response or sustituvity of consumers to a change in the price of a product is known as the price elasticity of demand: true or false

11- If the price elasticity of demand coefficient is greather than one, it is said that demand is ineslatic: true or false

13- Income elasticity if the reaction or sensitivity of the consumer to the quantity demanded of a good or service when the price changes in a given period: true or false

14- Cross elasticity analyzes the quantity demanded of a good with the price of another good or service when given period: true or false

15- If the coefficient or cross elasticity is negative, the goods are complementary: true or false

16- If the income elasticity is equal to 1.23 it is a said to be a complementary good: true or false

17- An elastic demand refers to the fact that6 a small change in income generater a greater change in the quantity demanded: true or false

18- If the value of the correlation coefficient is close to one, the relationship between the variable is said to be weak: true or false

Discuss how countries decided to respond to the adverse impact of coronavirus pandemic on their economies. Give examples of policy measures that the following countries have been introducing to help the economies to avoid deep recession. Please discuss both fiscal and monetary policies introduced and their potential effects on the components of GDP, unemployment, inflation and other macroeconomic indicators

: A. USA

B. Any country in Asia you choose

C. Any country in Europe you choose

) D. Uzbekistan

3. It has been said that Southeast Asian countries like China, Singapore, and Taiwan, have been better able to address the COVID-19 pandemic than other countries because of their experience with SARS. Does this make sense if humans behaved like homo economicus? What biases have we studied that might explain why that experience may actually have helped those countries address COVID-19?

1. Explain why people tend to avoid betting on numbers that have recently won in a lottery, but also may want to buy their tickets from a store where a big-winning ticket has recently been sold.

1. Draw a 5-year cash flow diagram representing the following cash flows to build springs: (Chapter 2)

Initial investment in plant and equipment $30K

Annual maintenance: $5K after year 1 and increasing $1K per year after that

Annual production costs – $10K/year

Annual revenue - $50K/year

2. A company plans to design and build transport vehicles for the Marine Corps. The cost for the design is $15M. The cost for the test prototype is $3M. The cost to produce and test each production vehicle is $1M. What is the non-recurring cost? What is the recurring cost per vehicle? What price per vehicle must the company sell the vehicles to the government to make $100K profit per vehicle if the company sold 50 vehicles? 100 vehicles? Why does the price per vehicle go down when production goes up?

Compare and contrast cyclical industries with defensive industries.

Mark as true or false and briefly explain the reason

6. If you have a problem of simultaneous causality, you can address this by making sure that all possible omitted variables are added to your regression as control variables.
7. When you have data on the price and quantity sold of a good, an OLS regression of log quantity on log price will normally give you a consistent estimate of the price elasticity of demand for that good.

Please I want answer for these questions by typing. with big thanks and thumb

1. Factor X, an unpredicted event impacting on the economy, potentially has the ability to render an external environment review obsolete overnight. For example, the 1997– 98 ‘Asian currency meltdown’, the bursting of the dot-com bubble in 2001 and the global financial crisis (GFC) that commenced in 2008 and the outbreak of coronavirus in 2020 turned economic forecasts on their head . The entire outlook for many industries changed dramatically, as news of economic doom and gloom emerged as a result of each of these crises. Given the uncertain nature of forecasting the future.

Questions:

1. What can be done to align strategies to the fluid nature of the external environment?
2. How reliable is any review of the external environment?

A company is considering the purchase of an industrial laser for $150,000. The device has a useful life of five years and a salvage (market) value of $30,000 at the end of those five years. The before-tax cash flow is estimated to be $45,000 per year. The laser would be depreciated using MACRS with a recovery period of three years. If the effective income tax is 25% and the after-tax MARR is 15%, use the PW method on an after-tax basis to determine the profitability of the laser and make a recommendation.

Be sure to explain any extraordinary calculations (such as the computation of taxable income related to the sale of the laser after five years) as well as the reasoning for your recommendation.