1. The overnight lending rate is

a. the interest rate the banks charge one another on overnight loans, whereas the prime interest rate is the interest rate banks change on loans to their most creditworthy customers.

b. the interest rate the banks charge on loans to their most creditworthy customers, whereas the prime interest rate is the interest rate banks charge their largest and most preferred business customers.

c. the interest rate the banks charge on loans to their most creditworthy customers, whereas the prime interest rate is the interest rate banks charge one another on overnight loans.

d. the interest rate the Bank of Canada charges banks for a loan, whereas the prime interest rate is the interest rate banks charge their preferred customers.

2. The overnight lending rate is

a. lower than the prime interest rate because federal funds are loaned overnight.

b. higher than the prime interest rate because there are many alternative uses for the funds and opportunity costs must be accounted for.

c. nearly the same as the prime interest rate because they are both short term loans.

d. not comparable to the prime interest rate since the lenders are different.

3. Changes in the overnight lending rate and the prime interest rate closely track one another because

a. there are fewer prime rate reserves available for lending.

b. both rates are related to the relative scarcity or availability of reserves.

c. all interest rates will be equal whether the customers are banks, businesses, or households.

d. the Bank of Canada arranges this to be the case.

Before addressing the following questions, you will first need to collect some data! Use online websites (such as Wikipedia) to find economic data for Japan, USA, India, Italy, Iraq, and Mexico. Specifically, find recent data for per capita GDP and government debt-to-GDP ratio.

1. Based on the data collected, do you think that debt is a problem faced by economically advanced countries, undeveloped countries, or both? Justify your answer.
2. The United States government has a 100% repayment rate—it has always repaid its debt. Given what we know about risk and return, do you think the USA is generally charged high or low interest rates on borrowing money? Similarly, do you think Iraq (a poor and economically unstable country) is likely to pay high or low interest rates on loans?
3. Explain the concept of “crowding out”. Based on the data collected, which of these countries likely has the most extensive “crowding out”? Explain.

You want to develop a regression model about the 2004 presidential election. The objective is to explain percentage of votes received by the Democratic candidate in each state. The explanatory variables are:

(i) unemployment rate in each state,

(ii) gender dummy (female =1 and male = 0),

(iii) a dummy variable for Bill Clinton’s appearance in the state to campaign,

(iv) an interaction term between the gender dummy and the Clinton dummy.

You want to consider a variety of models. Model I contains the variables in (i) and (ii). Model II contains the variables in (i), (ii), and (iii). Model III contains the variables in (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv).

1. Write down each of the above three regression models. Be sure to define all notations.
2. Interpret all the coefficients in Model III.
3. Using Models II and III, indicate how you would test the following hypotheses. Be sure to write down the null hypothesis, restricted and unrestricted models, etc.
   1. Unemployment doesn’t matter.
   2. Clinton’s appearance had no effect.
   3. Clinton’s appearance had same effect for both males and females.

1. Define and explain Direct and Indirect Investment. What investment vehicles do firms use to obtain the financing for investment?

How do marketers estimate the size of a market? Explain

4 - Big Bumping Burgers and Rory, an owner, are in trouble. At one of it's Branches, an employee mixed a batch of burgers that contained bacteria. The burgers were not cooked enough to kill off the orgasms. As a result, 40 people became gravely ill and 4 of them died. The Municipal Health Unit shut them down. The business is going to be fined a large sum of money and there are civil suits by victims whose combined claim is in the millions of dollars. What will the financial consequences be for Rory if:

A - The branch is a franchise and Rory is the Franchisor?

B - The business is a sole proprietorship?

C - The business is a Partnership?

D - The business is a corporation?

Show the effect of COVID 19 on the US Economy (before and after) graphically using the Mishkin's AD/AS Model :

Imelda, Lucy, Spiro and Juan are architects in business in Ottawa as a partnership (ILSJ Architects). They have been together for 20 years and have noticed that competition has driven down their profits. They prepare a bid in response to a tender from the City of Ottawa to design a new library. Spiro reaches out to the competing firms in Ottawa and strikes a deal with them whereby the other firms will make bids that exceed $3,000,000 to ensure ILSJ will win the bid at a price that will yield an acceptable profit. In exchange, he will bid too high in the next City of Ottawa tender opportunity. They are awarded the contract on October 31, 2019 at a price of $3,000,000 and must complete the design by March 31, 2020 Unfortunately, all of the partners get ill with the new coronavirus and cannot do the work. The contract in favour of the City of Ottawa is ironclad and the partners have no defence to the contract claim. All the partners manage to recover from COVID-19, but the City awards the contract to the next lowest bidder at $4,500,000. The City sues the 4 partners for the $1,500,000 difference. At this point Lucy learns of Spiro’s deal with the competitors and believes that the contract could have been completed for $2,500,000 so the City did not really suffer damages because the price of $4,500.000 is artificial. Lucy comes to you for legal advice. What do you tell her? Identify as many issues as possible. Note that the question is not about contract law so do not raise any contract law issues in respect of the contract with the City of Ottawa.Lucy has very little in assets and cannot afford to pay a judgment. Will she have to declare bankruptcy? If so, what is the process and what issues may emerge through the bankruptcy process? What other areas of law are relevant?

Based on at least three examples, using sources, please show how philanthropists have influenced k-12 public education.

Words 200-300. Thank you

List the uses for the cagan equation?

Consider a lake found in the village of Leduc, and then answer the questions that follow.

The village has a resort whose visitors use the lake for recreation. The village also has a chemical plant that dumps industrial waste into the lake. This pollutes the lake and makes it a less desirable vacation destination. That is, the chemical plant's waste decreases the resort's economic profit.

Suppose that the chemical plant could use a different production method that involves recycling water. This would reduce the pollution in the lake to levels safe for recreation, and the resort would no longer be affected. If the chemical plant uses the recycling method, then the chemical plant's economic profit is $2,200 per week, and the resort's economic profit is $3,200 per week. If the chemical plant does not use the recycling method, then the chemical plant's economic profit is $3,000 per week, and the resort's economic profit is $2,000 per week. These figures are summarized in the following table.

Complete the following table by computing the total profit (the chemical plant's economic profit and the resort's economic profit combined) with and without recycling.

Total economic profit is highest when the recycling production method is   .

When the chemical plant uses the recycling method, the resort earns $3,200−$2,000=$1,200$3,200−$2,000=$1,200 more per week than it does with no recycling. Therefore, the resort should be willing to pay up to $1,200 per week for the chemical plant to recycle water. However, the recycling method decreases the chemical plant's economic profit by $3,000−$2,200=$800$3,000−$2,200=$800 per week. Therefore, the chemical plant should be willing to use the recycling method if it is compensated with at least $800 per week.

Suppose the resort has the property rights to the lake. That is, the resort has the right to a clean (unpolluted) lake. In this case, assuming the two firms can bargain at no cost, the chemical plant will   the recycling method and will pay the resort   per week.

Now, suppose the chemical plant has the property rights to the lake, including the right to pollute it. In this case, assuming the two firms can bargain at no cost, the chemical plant will   the recycling method, and the resort will pay the chemical plant   per week.

The chemical plant will make the most economic profit when   .

True or False: The chemical plant will use the recycling method, regardless of who has the property rights.

True

False

• Provide an overview of how health care in the United States has evolved since the postindustrial period.
• How has the evolution of medical technology, graduate medical education, and the professionalization of medical and nursing staff affected the delivery of care?
• Why has the United States been unsuccessful in evolving the current health care system into a national health care system?

PLEASE USE EXAMPLES