Consider a 4-Firm Cournot market that is described by: p(Q)=100 - 0.2Q. Each firm faces no fixed costs and a constant marginal cost of $10.

a) Describe the market equilibrium under the 4‐firm Cournot structure. That is:

i) How much output will be made in total? (Hint: the formula is given on page 190.)

ii) How much output will each firm make?

iii) What price will be charged? (Hint: the formula is given on page 190.)

b) How much dead‐weight loss is experienced in the market compared to a perfectly competitive market?

Hint #1:Solve for the perfectly competitive equilibrium.

Hint #2:If you graph the market solution under perfect competition and under a 4‐firm. (Cournot market, you should be able to identify the area associated with dead‐ weight loss. Keep in mind that the marginal cost curve is horizontal at a cost of $10 per unit of output made)

The combination of falling U.S. housing prices and the large number of subprime borrowers defaulting on their mortgages just prior to the financial crisis of 2008 created a solvency problem for U.S. commercial banks that had provided mortgage loans to subprime borrowers and held those mortgages on their balance sheets (ie. they did not sell them to Special Purpose Vehicles). Briefly explain how these two events could threaten to make those U.S commercial banks insolvent.

True or False. In Canada, if a commercial bank has no “excess reserves” to lend out and a creditworthy customer asks the bank for a loan, then the bank must refuse the customer’s request for a loan. Briefly explain.

When the Bank of Canada lowers its target for the overnight interest rate (policy rate) the result is a lowering of the nominal interest rate on money market instruments. Under what circumstances will a reduction in the BOC policy rate lead to a reduction of the real interest rate on money market instruments. Briefly explain. No diagram is needed.

With the many local smaller special unique cultures around the world in many countries of all sizes: with globalization, should these small local cultures be protected from globalization?

Why yes? Why no?

Suppose a pandemic virus strikes and public health experts recommend everyone voluntarily stays at home until the spread of the virus subsides. For this analysis, assume the players are You and Everyone Else and each of you has the choice between staying at home or going out. If everyone goes out (regardless of what you do), then the pandemic will last longer and everyone receives a payoff of -3. Going out is worth a payoff of 2 (e.g if everyone goes out, then the payoff would be -3+2=-1 for every person that went out).

a. Draw a normal form representation of this game.

b. Do you have a dominant strategy?

c. What is the Nash equilibrium?

d. What does this suggest about public policy and voluntary stay-at-home orders?

The global economy is under significant stress to include U.S. state and local governments given expectation of lower income taxes and lesser fees and tolls.

a) How should expectations of financial stress impact the yield of municipal debt given actions by investors to include individuals and mutual funds?

b) whether the supply or demand curve within a loanable funds framework (% and $) should change and in what direction. Should state/local governments expect to pay more or less to borrow?

(150 words-300)

What is the link between institution and development? Explain practical evidences (considering any case studies you are familiar) that show the direct link between these two?

Conflicting Monetary and Fiscal Policies

We have yet to fully define the makeup and design of the Federal Reserve system, but during our discussions of the problems relating to fiscal policy the fact it sometimes conflicts/coincides with monetary policy was mentioned. I would like each of you to research the history of any/all such instances of when these policies either conflicted or coincided with one another and write a one-page summary of one occurrence. Be sure to include examples of the real-world effects this situation created on our economy.

(150 words-300)

What is the link between institution and development? Explain practical evidences (considering any case studies you are familiar) that show the direct link between these two?

(150-300 words)

Of the factor that influences globalization, liberalization of trade is more of a recommendation to the south not only to control their market but also to dictate their political strategy. Why and explain

The importance of inflation resides ultimately in its overall effects on the standard of living of a people. Discuss

Please refer to the case Negotiating with Chinese Business Partners: what are you going to give us by Stephen Grainger. And answer the following question.

What should the EDC directors do now? Provide support for your response.

You have been asked to assess the industry position of Facebook Social Media using Porter’s Five Forces and, based on your assessment, offer 3 ways, by which globalization can reduce Facebook’s single-handed influence on social media and using it to shape public opinion.