Please give answers of the following questions:

1. What are the strengths and limitations of using estimates of total economic value to

develop environment policy recommendations? How does your answer relate to your

worldview (anthropocentric or ecocentric)?

2. Do you think contingent valuation should be widely used as a tool for developing environmental policy recommendations? What do you think is the main strength of CV?

What do you think is its main weakness?

3. Suppose that you are asked to conduct a cost-benefit study of a proposed coal-fired

power plant. The plant will be built on the outskirts of a residential area and will emit a

certain volume of pollutants. It will require a substantial amount of water for its cooling

system. Industries in the region argue that the additional power is urgently needed, but

local residents oppose construction. How would you evaluate social and environmental

costs and weigh them against economic benefits?

4. As mentioned in the text, under U.S. law federal agencies must use cost-benefit analysis to evaluate major policy proposals. Do you agree with this requirement, in particular for environmental policies? How much weight do you believe should be given to the results of cost-benefit analyses when making policy decisions? Discuss how economic, health, and environmental criteria should be balanced in formulating regulations.

5. Suppose that the government of a developing country is considering the establishment of a national park in a scenic forested area. Local opposition arises from those who wish to use the forest land for timbering and agriculture. But the national park would draw both local and foreign visitors as tourists. Could cost-benefit analysis aid the decision on whether to establish the park? What factors would you consider, and how would you measure their economic value?

6. In what respects is “natural capital” similar to human-made capital, and in what respects does it differ? We often speak of a “return to capital,” meaning the stream of income generated by a capital investment. Can we speak of a return to natural capital? What are examples of investment in natural capital? Who is motivated to make such investments? Who would suffer if such investments were not made, or if “disinvestment” occurs due to resource depletion or environmental degradation?

7. Is the concept of optimal scale for an economy useful? If so, how would you go about

determining it? Do you think that economies such as those in the United States, Europe,

and Japan have reached optimal scale? Exceeded it? How about the economies of Latin America, Asia, and Africa? How would you relate the concept of optimal scale in the global economy to economic growth in national economies at different levels of development?

8. Distinguish the concepts of strong and weak sustainability, and give some practical examples, other than those cited in the text, for their application. Where is each concept most appropriate? Which economic policy measures are relevant to achieving sustainability?

In a few paragraphs, please describe your view of the United Nations, its role on the global arena, and your assessment about how it has been handling global crisis situations. Do you think the United Nations is still effective in meetings its purpose?

explain the process a monopolist goes through to maximize profits.

1. in your own words, explain the concept of "post-truth."
2. Evaluate the implications of the "post-truth era" for democratic politics.
3. If you were the media consultant to a statewide, up-ballot candidate campaign--e.g., governor--in this "post-truth era," what might be some crucial elements of your media strategy?

How does modernization influence the role of women in society?

Write a short essay based on current states of the US economy. Use one paragraph describing Fed's action, use one paragraph describing fiscal policy, and use at least one additional paragraph commenting on the potential effects of these policies using AS/AD framework.

In a short paragraph, briefly describe the underlying vulnerabilities that led to the financial crisis of 2007-2008, and the regulatory changes that have been implemented to avoid a repeat of a similar crisis in the future.

What were Robert Allens views about why the industrial revolution occurred in England rather than France in economic history. - Points for an essay

As a response to the economic slowdown following the financial crisis, the Fed cut the Federal funds rate to near 0 by the end of 2008, and tried to provide further monetary stimulus through “unconventional” policies. In a short paragraph, describe some of these unconventional tools that were used by the Fed during this period, and explain how these tools could increase demand even when the Fed funds rate stays constant at zero.

Why are some commentators, economists and politicians talking about “freezing the economy” (meaning trying to keep all businesses in the same condition they were before the pandemic in order to restart from there as soon as it is possible)? What are some aspects that the macroeconomic models we saw fail to consider?

Based on the covid-19 pandemic, give some reasons in favor of expanding the government debt in this case.

This is based on the Covid-19 Pandemic. Is there any role that monetary and/or fiscal policy could play? On this respect, describe one action taken by the Federal Government and one action taken by the Federal Reserve to counter the coming recession. Do you think these actions will be successful? What specific issues are the designed to address? What potential problems do you see with these actions?

This question is based on the current Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic will cause a recession. Provide two examples of sectors that will be particularly badly hit by this. Provide also two examples of sectors that will benefit from this. Use the business cycle model we saw in class (inflation on the Y axis and real GDP growth on the X axis) to show the effects of the pandemic on the whole economy. Think about it carefully: is there going to be any effect on aggregate demand? Why? Is there going to be any effect on aggregate supply? Why? Show the shift(s) on the graph and point out what we can expect to happen to GDP growth and inflation in the short run.

This question is based on the current Covid-19 Pandemic.What type of unemployment is likely to increase in the next few weeks/months? Suppose the pandemic is particularly persistent and activities that involve a large amount of physical contact cannot be done anymore. What type of unemployment would emerge in this case? What’s a way to deal with this, if any?