There can be both positive and negative correlations between
variables that are statistically significant enough to validate
causation.
True
False
Symmetrical data results in descriptive statistics that
demonstrate little variance
True
False
In matters of ranking results on exams, and other tools to
measure performance, percentiles are a good method to assess
performances within a cohort.
True
False
Floors and ceilings rarely give consumers a true picture of cost
paid by suppliers.
True
False
What does it mean for a hypothesis test to be statistically
significant? How is this different from our everyday notions of
“significant”? Make sure that you respond to your classmates as
well.
What does it mean to say that a particular result is
statistically significant at the .05 level or at the .01 level? Is
a result that is statistically significant at the .05 level
automatically also significant at the .01 level? What about the
reverse? Please explain your reasoning.
We want to assess whether there is a statistically significant
association between two variables. Below are pairs of variables,
along with their method of measurement. Indicate, justifying it in
two lines, for each pair, which statistical test you would use.
a) Total Cholesterol (mmol/l) and Sex (Male/Female).
b) Red blood cells (millions/microlitre of blood) and Body Mass
Index (kg/m2).
c) Foot Pain (Severe/Levere) and Obesity (Yes/No).
d) Marital status (Single/Married/Divorced) and Educational
level (Primary/Secondary/University studies).
e) Type 2 diabetes (Yes/No)...
What does it mean when a researcher reports that their results
are “statistically significant”? In your own words, define
statistical significance. Provide at least one example to
illustrate what statistical significance looks like.