4) What specific problems does this "official doctrine" lead to? 5) What is meant by Ryle's...

4) What specific problems does this "official doctrine" lead to?

5) What is meant by Ryle's use of the phrase "Ghost in the Machine?"

Expert Solution

4) What specific problems does this "official doctrine" lead to?

"Official doctrine" basically originated from Descartes Mind-Body dualism concept. The special problem with "official doctrine" is in terms of mistaken foundations of mind-body dualism conceptions. The reason is: It is a "category mistake" to speak of mind and body as substances, as a dualist does. Basically, the "official doctrine" of mind/body dualism is false because it confuses two logical-types, or categories, as being compatible. It represents the facts of mental life as if they belonged to one logical type/category, when they actually belong to another. The dogma is therefore a philosopher's myth.

5) What is meant by Ryle's use of the phrase "Ghost in the Machine?"

The "ghost in the machine" is British philosopher Gilbert Ryle's description of René Descartes' mind-body dualism. Ryle introduced the phrase to highlight the view of Descartes and others that mental and physical activity occur simultaneously but separately.

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