In: Accounting
Part A
Indicate whether each of the following costs would be classified as direct materials, direct labour, manufacturing overhead, or period cost. (1 Mark each)
Cost of grapes purchased by a winery |
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Depreciation on pizza ovens of a pizza restaurant |
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Salary of a plant manager in a computer production facility |
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Depreciation of computers used in a sales department |
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Wages of drill-press operators in a manufacturing plant |
Part B
Vinny’s Pizza is famous for making Margherita pizzas and delivers pizzas to the suburb on the Lower North Shore of Sydney in New South Wales. The sales price of a pizza is $10. It is estimated that the company will incur a variable cost of $150000 to make and deliver 25000 pizzas. The company’s estimated fixed costs are $54000.
Required: (Show all calculations)
a) What is Vinny’s Pizza’s contribution margin ratio?
b) Calculate Vinny’s Pizza’s break-even point in units (pizzas).
c) Calculate Vinny’s Pizza’s break-even point in sales dollars.
d) (i) What is Vinny’s Pizza’s margin of safety ratio?
(ii) How can managers of Vinny’s Pizza use this margin of safety ratio information to manage the profitability of the business?
e) How many pizzas must the company sell to earn a target profit of $60000? (Total 20 Marks)
Answer A
Cost of Grapes = Direct Material
Depreciation = Period Cost
Salary of plant manager = manufacturing overhead
Depreciation = Period Cost
Wages = Direct labor
Answer B
Part a.
Selling Price (A) | $ 10.00 |
Variable cost per unit (B) | $ 6.00 |
Contribution per unit (C=A-B) | $ 4.00 |
Contribution ratio (C/A) | 40% |
b and c.
Break even Point (in units) = Fixed Cost / Contribution per unit
Break even Point (in $) = Fixed Cost / Contribution Margin ratio
Break Even Point (in units) (54,000 / 4) | 13,500 |
Break Even Point (in $) (54,000 /40%) | $ 135,000 |
d.
Margin of Safety (in $) = Actual sales (in $) - Break even Point (in $)
= $ 250,000 - $ 135,000
= $ 115,000
Margin of safety ratio = 115,000 / 250,000 = 46%
The ratio shows how the company is operating above break-even point. the managers should try to increase this ratio as much as possible.
e.
Desired sales (in units) = (Fixed Cost + Profit)/ Contribution per unit
= (54,000 + 60,000)/4
= 13,500 units