In: Statistics and Probability
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a) The median incomes of females in each state of the United States, including the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, are given in table #2.2.10 ("Median income of," 2013). Create a frequency distribution, relative frequency distribution, and cumulative frequency distribution using 7 classes.
Table #2.2.10: Data of Median Income for Females
$31,862 |
$40,550 |
$36,048 |
$30,752 |
$41,817 |
$40,236 |
$47,476 |
$40,500 |
$60,332 |
$33,823 |
$35,438 |
$37,242 |
$31,238 |
$39,150 |
$34,023 |
$33,745 |
$33,269 |
$32,684 |
$31,844 |
$34,599 |
$48,748 |
$46,185 |
$36,931 |
$40,416 |
$29,548 |
$33,865 |
$31,067 |
$33,424 |
$35,484 |
$41,021 |
$47,155 |
$32,316 |
$42,113 |
$33,459 |
$32,462 |
$35,746 |
$31,274 |
$36,027 |
$37,089 |
$22,117 |
$41,412 |
$31,330 |
$31,329 |
$33,184 |
$35,301 |
$32,843 |
$38,177 |
$40,969 |
$40,993 |
$29,688 |
$35,890 |
$34,381 |
b) Create a histogram and relative frequency histogram for the data in table #2.2.10.
Describe the shape and any findings you can from the graph.
c) Create a histogram and relative frequency histogram for the data in table #2.2.12.
Describe the shape and any findings you can from the graph. Section 2.3
Table #2.2.12: Data of Health Insurance Premiums
$114 |
$119 |
$121 |
$125 |
$132 |
$139 |
$139 |
$141 |
$143 |
$145 |
$151 |
$153 |
$156 |
$159 |
$162 |
$163 |
$165 |
$166 |
$170 |
$170 |
$176 |
$177 |
$181 |
$185 |
$185 |
$186 |
$186 |
$189 |
$190 |
$192 |
$196 |
$203 |
$204 |
$219 |
$254 |
$286 |
d) Table #2.3.7 contains the value of the house and the amount of rental income in a year that the house brings in ("Capital and rental," 2013). Create a scatter plot and state if there is a relationship between the value of the house and the annual rental income.
Table #2.3.7: Data of House Value versus Rental
Value |
Rental |
Value |
Rental |
Value |
Rental |
Value |
Rental |
81000 |
6656 |
77000 |
4576 |
75000 |
7280 |
67500 |
6864 |
95000 |
7904 |
94000 |
8736 |
90000 |
6240 |
85000 |
7072 |
121000 |
12064 |
115000 |
7904 |
110000 |
7072 |
104000 |
7904 |
135000 |
8320 |
130000 |
9776 |
126000 |
6240 |
125000 |
7904 |
145000 |
8320 |
140000 |
9568 |
140000 |
9152 |
135000 |
7488 |
165000 |
13312 |
165000 |
8528 |
155000 |
7488 |
148000 |
8320 |
178000 |
11856 |
174000 |
10400 |
170000 |
9568 |
170000 |
12688 |
200000 |
12272 |
200000 |
10608 |
194000 |
11232 |
190000 |
8320 |
214000 |
8528 |
208000 |
10400 |
200000 |
10400 |
200000 |
8320 |
240000 |
10192 |
240000 |
12064 |
240000 |
11648 |
225000 |
12480 |
289000 |
11648 |
270000 |
12896 |
262000 |
10192 |
244500 |
11232 |
325000 |
12480 |
310000 |
12480 |
303000 |
12272 |
300000 |
12480 |
a) ### By using Excel:
Class | Frequency | cumulative frequency | relative frequency=frequency/Total |
"22000-28000" | 1 | 1 | 0.0192 |
"28000-34000" | 21 | 1+21=22 | 0.4038 |
"34000-40000" | 15 | 22+15=37 | 0.2885 |
"40000-46000" | 10 | 37+10=47 | 0.1923 |
"46000-52000" | 4 | 47+4=51 | 0.08 |
"52000-58000" | 0 | 51+0=51 | 0 |
"58000-64000" | 1 | 51+2=52 | 0.0192 |
Total | 52 | 1.0000 |
Both the graph are not symmetric, the graph has the long tail towards right side. Hence the distribution of the data is positively skewed.
c)
Class | Frequency | cumulative frequency | relative frequency=frequency/Total |
"110-136" | 5 | 5 | 0.1389 |
"136-162" | 9 | 5+9=14 | 0.2500 |
"162-188" | 13 | 14+13=27 | 0.3611 |
"188-214" | 6 | 27+6=33 | 0.1667 |
"214-240" | 1 | 33+1=34 | 0.03 |
"240-266" | 1 | 34+1=35 | 0.0278 |
"266-292" | 1 | 35+1=36 | 0.0278 |
Total | 36 | 1.0000 |
The shape of the graph is non-symmetric. The distribution of the data is slightly skewed towards right.
d)
from the above scatterplot we observe that there is a positive linear relationship between the value of the house and the annual rental income.