In: Accounting
Described below are six independent and unrelated situations
involving accounting changes. Each change occurs during 2018 before
any adjusting entries or closing entries were prepared. Assume the
tax rate for each company is 40% in all years. Any tax effects
should be adjusted through the deferred tax liability
account.
A. Fleming Home Products introduced a new line of commercial
awnings in 2017 that carry a one-year warranty against
manufacturer’s defects. Based on industry experience, warranty
costs were expected to approximate 2% of sales. Sales of the
awnings in 2017 were $2,900,000. Accordingly, warranty expense and
a warranty liability of $58,000 were recorded in 2017. In late
2018, the company’s claims experience was evaluated and it was
determined that claims were far fewer than expected: 1% of sales
rather than 2%. Sales of the awnings in 2018 were $3,400,000, and
warranty expenditures in 2018 totaled $77,350.
B. On December 30, 2014, Rival Industries acquired its office
building at a cost of $880,000. It was depreciated on a
straight-line basis assuming a useful life of 40 years and no
salvage value. However, plans were finalized in 2018 to relocate
the company headquarters at the end of 2022. The vacated office
building will have a salvage value at that time of $640,000.
C. Hobbs-Barto Merchandising, Inc., changed inventory cost methods
to LIFO from FIFO at the end of 2018 for both financial statement
and income tax purposes. Under FIFO, the inventory at January 1,
2018, is $630,000.
D. At the beginning of 2015, the Hoffman Group purchased office
equipment at a cost of $264,000. Its useful life was estimated to
be 10 years with no salvage value. The equipment was depreciated by
the sum-of-the-years’-digits method. On January 1, 2018, the
company changed to the straight-line method.
E. In November 2016, the State of Minnesota filed suit against
Huggins Manufacturing Company, seeking penalties for violations of
clean air laws. When the financial statements were issued in 2017,
Huggins had not reached a settlement with state authorities, but
legal counsel advised Huggins that it was probable the company
would have to pay $140,000 in penalties. Accordingly, the following
entry was recorded:
Loss—litigation 140,000
Liability—litigation 140,000
Late in 2018, a settlement was reached with state authorities to
pay a total of $284,000 in penalties.
At the beginning of 2018, Jantzen Specialties, which uses the sum-of-the-years’-digits method, changed to the straight-line method for newly acquired buildings and equipment. The change increased current year net earnings by $379,000.
Required:
For each situation:
1. Identify the type of change.
2. Prepare any journal entry necessary as a direct result of the
change as well as any adjusting entry for 2018 related to the
situation described.
1)IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF CHANGE
S.L | TYPE OF CHANGE |
a | change in estimate |
b | change in estimate |
c | change in accounting principle that usually is reported prospectively |
d | change in accounting estimate resulting from change in accounting principle |
e | change in estimate |
f | change in accounting principle accounted for prospectively |
2) JOURNAL ENTRIES
DATE | GENERAL JOURNAL | DEBIT$ | CREDIT$ |
a | No entry required to record the change | ||
b | No entry required to record the change | ||
c | No entry required to record the change | ||
d | No entry required to record the change | ||
e | loss-litigation(2,84,000-1,40.000) |
1,44,000 |
|
liability | 1,44,000 | ||
To record the litigation liability | |||
f | No entry required to record the change | ||
This is because, the change will be effective only on assets placed in service after the change of date |
ADJUSTING ENTRIES:-
DATE | GENERAL JOURNAL | DEBIT$ | CREDIT$ |
Warrenty expoenses | 68,000 | ||
TO estimated warranty liability (3,4,00,000*2%) |
68,000 | ||
To record the warranty expenses | |||
b | depreciation exp | 34,800 | |
To accumulated depreciation (note1) | 34,800 | ||
To record the dep exp | |||
c | No entry required.A disclosure is required in foot note | ||
d | depreciation expenses | 19,200 | |
To accumulated dep (note 2) | 19,200 | ||
To record the dep exp | |||
e | No entry required.A disclosure is required | ||
f | the nature and justification for the change should be disclosed in disclosure note | ||
NOTE
1) CALCULATION OF ANNUAL DEPRECIATION AFTER ESTIMATED CHANGE:
Cost of the asset | 8,80,00 | |
less:dep | 22,000 | |
(8,80,000/40 years) | ||
no of yrs for dep(2013-15) | 3 | |
accumulated dep | (66,000) | |
undepreciated cost | 8,14,000 | |
new estimated salvage value | (6,40,000) | |
cost to be depreciated | 1,74,000 | |
estimated remaining life | 5 | |
NEW ANNUAL DEPRECIATION | 34,800 |
2)CALCULATE THE ANNUAL STRAIGHT LINE DEPRECIATION
Cost of asset | 2,64,000 | |
accumulated dep | (1,29,600) | |
(2,64,000*(10+9+8)/55) | ||
underpreciated cost | 1,34,400 | |
less-estimated residuakl value | ||
cost to be depreciated over remaining 7 years | 1,34,400 | |
no of years to depreciate | 7 | |
ANNUAL STRAIGHT LINE DEPRECIATION | 19,200 |