Question

Dr. Intellectual conducted a study to measure if a telephone intervention by nurses (nurses calling patients after discharge) reduces readmissions within 30 days of discharge. All discharged patients were called within 48 hours of discharge, between June 1 and August 1, to discuss compliance with discharge instructions.

1. What type of research is this?

            a. qualitative

            b. quantitative

2. Which type of design is this?

            a. descriptive

            b. correlational

            c. quasi-experimental

            d. experimental

            e. phenomenological

            f. ethnography

            g. historical

            h. grounded theory

3. Which type of design is this?

            a. cross-sectional

            b. longitudinal

            c. retrospective

4. What is the target population?

            a. all patients at this hospital

            b. all discharged patients at this hospital

            c. all discharged patients discharged from this hospital between June 1 and August 1

            d. all discharged patients at all hospitals

5. Identify the independent variable

            a. telephone calls

            b. readmissions

            c. 48 hours post discharge

            d. compliance with discharge instructions

6. What level of measurement is the independent variable?

            a. nominal

            b. ordinal

            c. interval

            d. ratio

7. Identify the dependent variable.

            a. telephone calls

            b. readmissions

            c. 48 hours post discharge

            d. compliance with discharge instructions

8. What level of measurement is the dependent variable?

            a. nominal

            b. ordinal

            c. interval

            d. ratio

Patients were asked 10 questions: if they knew their discharge instructions, if they had filled their medication prescriptions, if they had started taking the medications as ordered, if they were following orders regarding activity levels, and if they were eating as instructed. The data collectors talked at length about each of these issues with each patient.

9. If the patient had filled their medication prescriptions, the data collector indicated a “yes.”

What level of measurement is this?

            a. nominal

            b. ordinal

            c. interval

            d. ratio

10. If the patient was taking all of their medications as ordered, the data collector gave the patient a “3.” If the patient was taking most of the medications ordered, the data collector gave the patient a “2.” If the patient was taking few of the medications ordered, the patient was rated as “1.” What level of measurement is this?

            a. nominal

            b. ordinal

            c. interval

            d. ratio

11. The patients had a right to refuse to answer the callers’ questions. This is an example of which ethical principle?

            a. the principle of respect

            b. the principle of beneficence

            c. the principle of justice

12. Patients were told that they could decide not to answer questions, even if they had already answered some of them. This is an example of which ethical principle?

            a. the principle of respect

            b. the principle of beneficence

            c. the principle of justice

13. Data collectors protected the identity of the patients by giving each one a code and keeping personal information in a separate file. This is an example of:

            a. anonymity

            b. confidentiality

14. Which method of data analysis did Dr. Intellectual use to analysis the data (as described in Question 10)?

            a. frequency distribution

            b. Pearson’s r

            c. chi square

            d. t test

15. Dr. Intellectual later decided to compare the responses of the patients by grouping them by the unit they had been discharged from. He wanted to know, for example, if the patients who were discharged from unit 3 South were more compliant and readmitted fewer times than the patients who were discharge from unit 4 North. What type of study is Dr. Intellectual conducting now?

            a. descriptive

            b. correlational

            c. quasi-experimental

            d. experimental

            e. phenomenological

            f. ethnography

            g. historical

            h. grounded theory

16. What statistical analyses will Dr. Intellectual use to analyze data regarding number of patients readmitted?

            a. frequency distribution

            b. Pearson’s r

            c. chi square

            d. t test

Answer 1

1 Quantitative because it is about measurement.

2 Design is descriptive .

3. Design is cross sectional.

4. Target population is all discharged patients discharged from hospital between June 1 and August 1because to reduce readmission within 30 days.

5. Independent variable is compliance with discharge instructions.

6 It is ordinal measurement because ordinal data is the data which is placed into some kind of rank or order.

7.48 hours post discharge which is dependent on doctor and patient.

8.Ratio measurement because it is about duration.

9 Ordinal measurement because it is yes / no question.

10. Ratio measurement .

11. Principle of justice because everyone has right to respond or not respond to a question.

12. Principle of beneficiance.

13.anonymity.

14.chisquare distribution because the data is an attribute.

15. Correlational study.

16.No of patients readmitted can be analysed by frequency distribution.