Question

Provide a specific example of how each layer of the OSI model processes the movement of data in communicating from one entity to another. For example, discuss how email is processed for each layer of the model.

Answer 1

DATA FLOWS THROUGH THE OSI LAYERS:

When the tip system receives the unstructured bitstream from the physical wire, every layer removes the header info applicable thereto till the applying receives the info. The subsequent depicts what happens within the OSI model's layers once an email is shipped from Device A to Device B:

1. An application, such as an email program, creates data which will be sent by an end-user, like an email message. the applying layer places a header field that contains info like screen size and fonts, and passes the info to the Presentation layer.

2. The Presentation layer places header information. for instance, the text within the message could be born-again to code. The Presentation layer can then pass the new knowledge to the Session layer.

3. The Session layer follows a similar method by adding header information, like info that the Session layer can manage the info flow, and passes this knowledge to the Transport layer.

4. The Transport layer places information, like Associate in Nursing acknowledgment that the phase was received within the header, and passes it to the Network layer.

5. The Network layer places layer three header info, like the supply and destination address.

6. The data the info Link layer places header and trailer information, like a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) to confirm that the data isn't corrupt, and passes this new knowledge to the physical layer transmit the data through the media

7. The bitstream is then transmitted as ones and zeros on the Physical layer. it's at now that the Physical layer ensures bit synchronization. Bit synchronization can make sure the end-user knowledge is assembled within the correct order it absolutely was sent.

• OSI models having seven layers and also the high most layer is Application Layer which uses some protocols for causing files, displaying files, receiving files.

Some of Protocols area unit:

1) FTP (File transfer protocol) -Use for transferring and receiving files
2) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - This Protocol used for the devices that area unit connected to a hub or it's wont to manage a network
3) TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - It is additionally used for transferring a file however it transfer the file chop-chop
4) Telnet - It is employed to attach with remote devices (For remote access)
5) DNS - (Domain name system) - This is employed to convert name into IP address and IP address to name.

Application Layer having 2 protocol name SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and “POP3” (Post workplace Protocol v.3); This 2 protocols area unit used for causing and receiving emails severally, all of this happens in but a second.

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