Question

What is the glomerulus, and what happens here? How is the glomerulus, the afferent arteriole, the efferent arteriole, and the peritubular capillaries associated with the nephron?

Answer 1

GLOMERULUS:

Glomerulus is a cup shaped structure,which is a small interwined group of capillaries,located in the begining of nephron. Glomerular capillaries are interposed with afferent arteriole on one side and efferent arteriole on the other side.First stage of filtration process of blood takes place here.it filters plasma brought by afferent arteriole in glomeurular filtrate. Afferent arteriole brings the blood to be filtered into the GLOMERULUS and efferent arteriole takes the filtered blood from GLOMERULUS. GLOMERULUS is enclosed within cup shaped bowmans capsule.pressure filtration takes place in GLOMERULUS.small molecules which are present in the plasma that can be pressure filtered are filtered here.water,and other substances like salts,aminoacids,urea,glucose are also filtered here from the blood.

HOW GLOMERULUS, EFFERENT ARTERIOLE AND AFFERENT ARTERIOLE AND PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES ARE RELATED TO NEPHRON.

Each NEPHRON is supplied with blood which comes from branch of renal artery. Blood first passes through the glomerulus where as already mentioned water,glucose,amino acids, ureas filtration takes place.

Afferent arteriole from which blood comes into the GLOMERULUS has greater diameter than the efferent arteriole which takes the filtered blood from the GLOMERULUS.

Blood Pressure inside the GLOMERULUS will be increased due to difference in the diameter of afferent and efferent arterioles. This increased blood pressure helps in forcing the components out of the GLOMERULUs (glomerular capillaries)

Already mentioned water,salts and glucose which are filtered out form the Glomerular filtrate.

The amount of Glomerular filtrate that is filtered from the capillaries of Glomerulus into the kidney tubules in one minute make the Glomerular filtration rate. It is about 125ml/min.it mainly depend s on the pressure inside the GLOMERULUS and the difference if diameter of both the arterioles.

Peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels that are supplied by efferent arteriole, which are located next to the nephron.blood which has to be filtered enters into the kidneys and the filtered blood exit the kidneys through the peritubular capillaries. These capillaries surrounding the tubules helps in reabsorption of required nutrients by the body into the blood.exchange between tubules and peritubular capillaries is necessary in order to retain the required nutrients.peritubular capillaries also provide the NEPHRON with glucose oxygen and blood supply to help in production of ATP for active transport.

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