You have been using the chi-square test of independence to test for association between two variables....

You have been using the chi-square test of independence to test for association between two variables.

1) Give an example of a pair of variables for which you would expect to find no association.

2) Give an example of a pair of variables for which you would expect to find association, but not a causal relationship.

3) Finally, give an example of a pair of variables for which you would expect to find a causal relationship.

Solutions

Expert Solution

1) Give an example of a pair of variables for which you would expect to find no association.

ANs: variable1 = Gender

Variable 2 = Height

So, these two variables might not have any association

2) Give an example of a pair of variables for which you would expect to find association, but not a causal relationship.

Ans: A study shows that there is a negative correlation between a student's anxiety before a test and the student's score on the test. But we cannot say that the anxiety causes a lower score on the test; there could be other reasons—the student may not have studied well, for example. So the correlation here does not imply causation.

3) Finally, give an example of a pair of variables for which you would expect to find a causal relationship.

Ans: However, consider the positive correlation between the number of hours you spend studying for a test and the grade you get on the test. Here, there is causation as well; if you spend more time studying, it results in a higher grade.

orchestra answered 1 year ago

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