Question

Indicate if the following events or transactions are adjusting or nonadjusting items. ll they are adjusting items discuss the effect on the financial statements. Year-end was 31 December x4 and the accounts were authorised for issue on 15 March x5. (a) Entity makes a provision for doubtful debts of lolo and the amount provided for at the end of 3l December x4 was RM500,000. On 15 January, a debtor who owed the entity RM2 million became insolvent. (b) Closing inventory was determined as RMl.5 million based on cost. Part of the inventory of RM200,000 was damaged but the store-keeper expected the goods to be sold above cost. However, these goods were sold on l9 January for RM120,000. i.c) Entity signed a contract to acquire a factory building on 10 January x4. The estimated cost of the building was RM130 million. rd) On 28 February x5, the entity decided to close down its shoemaking operation which was identified as a separate operation from the rest of the entity's business. e) The factory plant was damaged on 3 March x5 and the recoverable amount was estimated to be RM1.2 million and the carrying value was RM1.5 million. rl; Entity proposed the final ordinary dividend on I March x5. ,.g) The entity had provided for a contingent liability of RM425,000 but judgement made on 12 February x5 was RM500,000. ,h) A civil suit was brought against the entity before the end of the financial year. The lawyers advised the company that the company would lose the case and suffer a loss of RMl.2 million. On l0 March x5, the company and the complainant agreed to settle it out of court. The company paid RMI million. i) Entity was part way through the construction of an office block. The initial contract price was RM25 million. However, on l2 February x5, the contract price was revised to RM17 million. 3 Energy Savers Bhd estimated its closing inventory at cost to be R\l1.4 million as at the financial year-end of 31 December x8. On I February x9, the government passed a law that classified the main ingredients of the products sold by the company as hazardous to health. xles dropped and the company had to sell the stock at far below cost. ,{s at the repoftingperiod the entity had a long-termbankloanwhich was due for settlement on 3l August x9. As at the reporting date Energy Savers 288 Chopter 14 Bhd had not received any confirmation of rescheduling the repayment. On 3 March x9, before the financial statements were authorised for issue, the bank agreed for the repayment to be postponed to 31 August xt0. Required: Discuss the accounting treatment. 3 Winnie's current year-end was 31 March x9. Its financial statements were authorised for issue by its directors on 6 May x9 and the annual general meeting will be held on 3 June x9. The following matters have been brought to your attention. (a) On 12 April x9, a fire completely destroyed the company's largest warehouse and the inventory it contained. The carrying amounts of the warehouse and the inventory were RM 10 million and RM6 million, respectively. It appears that the company has not updated the value of its insurance cover and only expects to be able to recover a maximum of RM9 million from its insurers. Winnie's trading operations have been severely disrupted since fhe fire and it expects large trading losses for some time to come. (b) A single class of inventory held at another warehouse was valued at its cost of RM460,000 at 31 March x9. In April x9,70o/o of this inventory was sold for RM280,000 on which Winnie's sales staff earned a commission of l5olo as at 3l March x9. (c) On 18 May x9, the government announced tax changes which have the effect of increasing Winnie's deferred tax liability by RM650,000 as at 3I March x9. Required: Explain the required treatment of the above items byWinnie in its financial statements for the year ended 3I March x9.

Answer 1

As part of the business world, it is normal that some events may take place after the reporting period, but before the date of authorization of financial statements for issue, and which might reflect some information that needs to be considered before the financial statements are authorized for issue.

This Standard provides guidance for the accounting treatment of the events, which take place after the reporting period, but before the date of authorization of financial statements for issue, related disclosure requirements, and in what circumstances:
(a) The entity will adjust its financial statements before issuance, and
(b) When only disclosures are required for these events

Scope

The requirements of this standard are applicable to account for Events after Reporting Period and related disclosures.

Definitions

Events after the Reporting Period:
The events which take place after the reporting date but before the date of authorization of financial statements for issue are called events after reporting period. These may be favorable or unfavorable.
These are classified into two categories as:

• Adjusting Events
• Non-adjusting Events

Adjusting Events:
Those which take place after the reporting date but before the date of authorization of financial statements for issue, and provide additional/further evidence related to the conditions which existed at reporting date.

Non-adjusting Events:
Those which take place after the reporting date but before the date of authorization of financial statements for issue, and are indicative of the conditions which arose after the reporting date.

Recognition & Measurement

1. Adjusting Events:

The entity is required to account for the adjusting events by adjusting their potential financial impacts in financial statements before these are finalized and issued.

Application Examples:

Following are the examples of adjusting events, for which entity is required to adjust its financial statements before issuance:

• The receipt of information regarding the bankruptcy of acustomer after the reporting date, which was stated as receivable at year end, provides evidence that the debt has become irrecoverable and the entity should adjust the value of receivable reported in statement of financial position.
• Reduction in Net realizable Value of Inventory after the reporting date, stated at cost at year end,indicated from the sale of inventory at low selling price after the reporting date, provides evidence that the value of inventory has fallen down and entity needs to adjust the value of inventory included in statement of financial position.
• The receipt of information after the reporting date, confirming that the asset is impaired existed at the reporting date.
• The determination of purchase/selling price of an asset after the reporting date, bought or sold during the current year.
• The settlement of a court case after the reporting date, which was initiated during the current year, will provides evidence that entity has an obligation at year end therefore, entity should adjust the financial statements accordingly.
• The identification of a fraud, or any error after the reporting date.

2. Non-adjusting Events:

In respect of non-adjusting events, no adjustment is required in financial statements instead IAS 10 requires such events to be disclosed in the notes to accounts if these are considered to be material, otherwise these will be ignored.

Application Examples:

(a) Any loss which arises after the reporting date because of natural disasters such as fire or flood.
(b) Any sale or purchase of asset after the reporting date.
(c) Sale or discontinuation of a business line after the reporting date.
(d) Fall in value of investment after the reporting date.
(e) Dividend declared after the reporting date
(f) Any business acquisition after the reporting date.
(g) The commencement of a court case due to the events which take place after the reporting date.
(i) Any changes in the tax rates/laws after the reporting date, applicable to previous year

Note:
If an event takes place after the date of authorization of financial statements, it will be neither adjusting nor non-adjusting instead it will be outside the scope of IAS 10.

Going Concern

IAS 10 requires, if an event occurs after the reporting date but before the date of authorization of financial statements for issue and it materially/severally affects the going concern status of the entity the such event will always be treated as adjusting event irrespective of the definition it satisfy.
For such event, the entity will prepare its financial statements on break-up basis.

Disclosures

IAS 10 requires the entity to disclose the following:

• The date of authorization of financial statements and related authority.
• For Non-adjusting events the entity should disclose
• The nature of such event and
• Its financial impact

Worked Example:

AB Ltd engaged in manufacturing facility and has year end of 31 December 2012. Its date of authorization of financial statements for issue was 10 February 2013 and the annual general meeting is scheduled on 7 March 2013. The following events occurred as follows:

(a) The company's major warehouse and the inventory it contained, was completely damaged because of a fire explosion took place on 12 January 2013. The warehouse and the inventory were to have a carrying value $20 million and $12 million respectively on this date.
The company is expected to recover up to maximum of $18 million as it has not updated its insurance cover. The operations of the entity were severally interrupted and the entity expects to face losses for coming few years.

(b) A particular type of inventory held by AB Ltd at a different location was recorded at its cost of $920,000 at 31 December 2012 in the statement of financial position. The entity sold 70% of this inventory for $560,000 on 15 January 2013, incurring a commission expense of 15% of the selling price of the inventory.

(iii) The government introduced tax changes on 13 March 2013, due to which the tax liability recorded by entity at 31December 2012, will increase by $960,000.

Required
Explain the appropriate accounting treatment of the events in the financial statements of AB Ltd. for the yearended 31 December 2012.

Solution:

(a) It will be treated as non-adjusting event as IAS 10 requires any event which gives rise to loss due to a natural disaster such as fire, flood to be classified as non-adjusting event because such events do not provide evidence of the conditions existed at reporting date. However, if this event has affected the going concern status of the entity then it will be treated as adjusting event and entity will have to prepare its financial statements as per break-up values.
      The Insurance claim should be disclosed as a contingent asset in the notes to accounts.

(b)This will be treated as adjusting event as sale of inventory after the reporting date reflects that the NRV of inventory is less than the cost. The NRV of 70% inventory is $476,000 calculated using the selling price of $560,000 less commission expense of $84,000 ($560,000*15%), and it has a cost of$644,000 ($920,000*70%). Therefore, the entity will need to adjust down the value of inventory to its NRV of $680,000 ($476,000/70 * 100%)in the statement of financial position for the year ended 31 December 2012.

(c)This will treated as outside the scope of IAS 10 as it has occurred after the date of authorization of the financial statements for issue. If it had have occurred after the reporting date but before the date of authorization of financial statements for issue, then in such situation it would have been treated as non-adjusting event.