Question

In: Statistics and Probability

Estimate how many deaths there are annually from tornado and drowning in the United States. Provide...

Estimate how many deaths there are annually from tornado and drowning in the United States. Provide an actual number in your answer and explain statistically how you came to that answer.

Info:

DROWNINGS:

From 2005-2014, there were an average of 3,536 fatal unintentional drownings (non-boating related) annually in the United States — about ten deaths per day.1 An additional 332 people died each year from drowning in boating-related incidents.

TORNADOS:

Year tornado deaths
1875 183
1876 51
1877 64
1878 102
1879 85
1880 256
1881 73
1882 200
1883 292
1884 252
1885 58
1886 129
1887 60
1888 48
1889 32
1890 244
1891 36
1892 114
1893 294
1894 124
1895 30
1896 537
1897 60
1898 162
1899 227
1900 101
1901 52
1902 157
1903 216
1904 87
1905 184
1906 70
1907 80
1908 477
1909 404
1910 12
1911 55
1912 175
1913 346
1914 41
1915 84
1916 150
1917 551
1918 136
1919 206
1920 499
1921 202
1922 135
1923 110
1924 376
1925 794
1926 144
1927 540
1928 95
1929 274
1930 179
1931 36
1932 394
1933 362
1934 47
1935 71
1936 552
1937 29
1938 183
1939 91
1940 65
1941 53
1942 384
1943 58
1944 275
1945 210
1946 78
1947 313
1948 139
1949 211
1950 70
1951 34
1952 230
1953 519
1954 36
1955 129
1956 83
1957 193
1958 67
1959 58
1960 46
1961 52
1962 30
1963 31
1964 73
1965 301
1966 98
1967 114
1968 131
1969 66
1970 73
1971 159
1972 27
1973 89
1974 366
1975 60
1976 44
1977 43
1978 53
1979 84
1980 28
1981 24
1982 64
1983 34
1984 122
1985 94
1986 15
1987 59
1988 32
1989 50
1990 53
1991 39
1992 39
1993 33
1994 69
1995 30
1996 25
1997 67
1998 130
1999 94
2000 41
2001 40
2002 55
2003 54
2004 35
2005 39
2006 67
2007 81
2008 126
2009 21
2010 45
2011 553
2012 70

Solutions

Expert Solution

TABLE. Annual number, percentage, and rate* of nonfatal and fatal unintentional drownings,† by selected characteristics — National Vital Statistics System and National Electronic Injury Surveillance System – All Injury Program, United States, 2005–2009

Characteristic

Nonfatal

Fatal

Estimated no.

(%)

Rate

(95% CI)

No.

(%)

Rate

Age (yrs)

0–4

3,057

(52.8)

15.21

(6.86–23.56)

513

(13.2)

2.55

5–14

1,012

(17.5)

2.49

(1.62–3.36)

252

(6.5)

0.62

?15

1,718

(29.7)

0.71

(0.38–1.05)

3,107

(80.1)

1.29

Unknown

2

(0.03)

—

—

9

(0.2)

—

Sex

Male

3,486

(60.2)

2.35

(1.24–3.47)

3,057

(78.8)

2.07

Female

2,301

(39.7)

1.50

(0.87–2.13)

823

(21.2)

0.54

Unknown

2

(0.03)

—

—

—

—

—

Race/Ethnicity§

White

—

—

—

—

2,561

(66.0)

1.28

Black

—

—

—

—

566

(14.6)

1.40

Other race

—

—

—

—

209

(5.4)

1.21

Hispanic

—

—

—

—

524

(13.5)

1.19

Unknown

—

—

—

—

20

(0.5)

—

Location of drowning

Bathtub

534

(9.2)

—

—

403

(10.4)

—

Swimming pool

3,341

(57.7)

—

—

683

(17.6)

—

Private pool**

1,616

(27.9)

—

—

—

—

—

Public pool

956

(16.5)

—

—

—

—

—

Unspecified pool

769

(13.3)

—

—

—

—

—

Natural water

1,460

(25.2)

—

—

1,982

(51.1)

—

Fresh water

525

(9.1)

—

—

—

—

—

Ocean**

412

(7.1)

—

—

—

—

—

Boating/Water transport**

400

(1.2)

—

—

347

(8.9)

—

Unspecifed natural water**

123

(7.8)

—

—

1,635

(42.1)

—

Other/Unspecified**

454

(7.8)

—

—

813

(21.0)

—

Disposition

Treated and released

2,540

(43.9)

0.84

(0.46–1.23)

—

—

—

Hospitalized/Transferred

2,908

(50.2)

0.97

(0.40–1.53)

—

—

—

Other/Unknown

340

(5.9)

0.11

(0.05–0.18)

—

—

—

Overall

5,789

(100.0)

1.92

(1.07–2.78)

3,880

(100.0)

1.29†

Abbreviation: CI = Confidence interval.

* Per 100,000 population.

† Includes drowning deaths associated with boating incidents, a type of transportation injury death. The overall death rate excluding boating-related drowning was 1.17 per 100,000 population.

§ Persons identified as Hispanic might be of any race. Persons identified as white, black, or other race are all non-Hispanic. Nonfatal rates are not presented for racial/ethnic groups because race/ethnicity was unknown for a substantial percentage of persons with nonfatal injuries.

¶ Location of drowning by specific pool and natural water type is unavailable for mortality data. Rates are not presented for location because the denominator for each is the entire population.

** Nonfatal estimates might be unstable because the coefficient of variation is >30%, unweighted count <20, or 5-year weighted estimate <1,200.

FIGURE. Distribution* of fatal and nonfatal drownings, by location and age group — National Vital Statistics System and National Electronic Injury Surveillance System – All Injury Program, United States, 2005–2009

* Distribution of nonfatal drownings are based on unweighted data for 604 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System – All Injury Program cases (342 cases in persons aged 0–4 years, 133 in persons aged 5–14 years, and 129 cases in persons aged ?15 years) and therefore are not nationally representative. Distribution for fatal drownings are based on 19,358 counted deaths.

TABLE. Annual number, percentage, and rate* of nonfatal and fatal unintentional drownings,† by selected characteristics — National Vital Statistics System and National Electronic Injury Surveillance System – All Injury Program, United States, 2005–2009

Characteristic

Nonfatal

Fatal

Estimated no.

(%)

Rate

(95% CI)

No.

(%)

Rate

Age (yrs)

0–4

3,057

(52.8)

15.21

(6.86–23.56)

513

(13.2)

2.55

5–14

1,012

(17.5)

2.49

(1.62–3.36)

252

(6.5)

0.62

?15

1,718

(29.7)

0.71

(0.38–1.05)

3,107

(80.1)

1.29

Unknown

2

(0.03)

—

—

9

(0.2)

—

Sex

Male

3,486

(60.2)

2.35

(1.24–3.47)

3,057

(78.8)

2.07

Female

2,301

(39.7)

1.50

(0.87–2.13)

823

(21.2)

0.54

Unknown

2

(0.03)

—

—

—

—

—

Race/Ethnicity§

White

—

—

—

—

2,561

(66.0)

1.28

Black

—

—

—

—

566

(14.6)

1.40

Other race

—

—

—

—

209

(5.4)

1.21

Hispanic

—

—

—

—

524

(13.5)

1.19

Unknown

—

—

—

—

20

(0.5)

—

Location of drowning

Bathtub

534

(9.2)

—

—

403

(10.4)

—

Swimming pool

3,341

(57.7)

—

—

683

(17.6)

—

Private pool**

1,616

(27.9)

—

—

—

—

—

Public pool

956

(16.5)

—

—

—

—

—

Unspecified pool

769

(13.3)

—

—

—

—

—

Natural water

1,460

(25.2)

—

—

1,982

(51.1)

—

Fresh water

525

(9.1)

—

—

—

—

—

Ocean**

412

(7.1)

—

—

—

—

—

Boating/Water transport**

400

(1.2)

—

—

347

(8.9)

—

Unspecifed natural water**

123

(7.8)

—

—

1,635

(42.1)

—

Other/Unspecified**

454

(7.8)

—

—

813

(21.0)

—

Disposition

Treated and released

2,540

(43.9)

0.84

(0.46–1.23)

—

—

—

Hospitalized/Transferred

2,908

(50.2)

0.97

(0.40–1.53)

—

—

—

Other/Unknown

340

(5.9)

0.11

(0.05–0.18)

—

—

—

Overall

5,789

(100.0)

1.92

(1.07–2.78)

3,880

(100.0)

1.29†

Abbreviation: CI = Confidence interval.

* Per 100,000 population.

† Includes drowning deaths associated with boating incidents, a type of transportation injury death. The overall death rate excluding boating-related drowning was 1.17 per 100,000 population.

§ Persons identified as Hispanic might be of any race. Persons identified as white, black, or other race are all non-Hispanic. Nonfatal rates are not presented for racial/ethnic groups because race/ethnicity was unknown for a substantial percentage of persons with nonfatal injuries.

¶ Location of drowning by specific pool and natural water type is unavailable for mortality data. Rates are not presented for location because the denominator for each is the entire population.

** Nonfatal estimates might be unstable because the coefficient of variation is >30%, unweighted count <20, or 5-year weighted estimate <1,200.

These are taken from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6119a4.htm

If you want to know tronado the you go in this website http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com/tornado/2005

orchestra answered 2 years ago
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