Question

3. What are the similarities and differences between positive and negative reinforcement? Please be succinct and clear. Answer:

4. Explain the difference between “escape learning” and “avoidance learning,” providing a simple example of each within your explanation. Examples in lecture or textbook are not accepted. Answer:

5. Provide a real world behavior that could be explained by “Learned Helplessness.” You cannot use domestic violence, and your answer shouldn’t be more than a paragraph. Answer:

6. How might you teach your child “learned industriousness”? Do not use textbook or lecture examples and your answer shouldn’t be more than two –four sentences. Answer:

7. Provide an example of “behavior momentum” other than the examples in the textbook or lectures. Answer:

Answer 1

3. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, is when an outcome strengthens a particular behavior and thus, it is more likely to occur in future. In other words, both positive and negative reinforcement increases the chance of a specific behavior occurring in the future. Therefore, not only do positive and negative reinforcement share the same outcome, the factors affecting their success rate are also quite similar. Both of these forms of reinforcements are largely influenced by the consistency, frequency and immediate response to the behavior.

However, positive reinforcement makes use of stimuli that are desirable and motivate the organism to approach them. On the other hand, negative reinforcement involves stimuli that are undesirable and that which the organism seeks to avoid. In positive reinforcement, the stimuli act as a reward, for doing something, whereas in negative reinforcement, the stimuli act like a penalty, for not doing something. Thus, in positive reinforcement, a favorable stimulus is added, whereas, in negative reinforcement, an unfavorable stimulus is removed.

Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four subparts of the same question.