Question

1. How Data transparency is provided in character-oriented protocol?

2. What is duplex communication channel?

Answer 1

A) How Data transparency is provided in character-oriented protocol?

In a character-Oriented protocol the frame or packet is interpreted as a series of characters. All control information is in the form of an existing character encoding system (Ex: ASCII characters).

For a protocol to be useful, it must be transparent which means sender must be able to carry any combination of bits as data without their being confused with control information then we can say protocol provide data transparency.

Data transparency in character-oriented protocol is achieved by a process called byte stuffing.

Process is done in two parts:

1. Defining the transparent text region with Data Link escape (DLE) characters

To define the transparent region, we add one DLE character just before the STX character at the beginning of the text field and another just before the ETX may contain control characters and to ignore them.

The last DLE tells the receiver that the transparent region has ended now.

2. preceding any DLE characters within the transparent region by an extra DLE character

B) What is duplex communication channel?

1. A full duplex communication channel can send signals in both the directions at the same time(Sender can send and receive data simultaneously).

2. Full duplex transmission mode is like a two-way road, in which traffic can flow in both directions at the same time.

3. Full duplex communication channels greatly increases the efficiency of communication.

4. Full duplex provides better performance than simplex and half duplex mode.

5. Example: Telephone is a good example of a full duplex channel. Both the persons can speak as well as hear each other at the same time.