Question

Compare and contrast the biological pathways and epidemiology of the novel corona virus (Covid 19) with the biological pathway and epidemiology of HIV that causes AIDS.

Answer 1

These two disease are really dangerous for the mankind because there is no vaccine and cure is not available in both of the case. But they have some difference in their epidemiology. COVID-19 is a pandemic and AIDS is an epidemic disease. EPIDEMIC means when a disease affects a large number of people within a community, population, or region where PANDEMIC is an epidemic that’s spread over multiple countries or continents.AIDS is a state when our immune system is totally compromised, and any simple flu and any disease can kill a person. But COVID-19 is a special type of flu where immune response is over expressed which leads to a inflammatory response . AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome caused by a retrovirus called human immunodeficiency virus, it's spreads through unprotected intercourse, and body fluid exchange, using of used Sirringe, it has very long incubation period ( 2month-10 years), at the early stage it shows Flu-like illness, but at the later stage another type of symptoms such asLarge lymph nodes, fever, weight loss. HIV attacks CD4+ T cells of cellular immunity system where two coreceptora CCR5 or CXCR4 binds with the HIV and before that HIV attacks the APCs(Antigen presenting cells) of innate immunity system, such as macrophage, dendritic cells. There is no vaccine available for this disease but nowadays very expensive antiretroviral therapy is used increase the lifespan of the aids patients. To prevent this disease need to have a safe, protected and healthy sex life, and need to do HIV test before blood infusion. In case of COVID-19 COVID -19, COVID-19 stands for corona virus disease -19 which caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2(SARS-CoV-2). This syndrome first broke out at wuhan, China. Corona virus is RNA virus, and it generally attacks at the human's respiratory tract and respiratory organs. To counter the infection an inflammatory response induced by the immunity system. By this basic symptoms are generated. This inflammatory response is generated to counteract the viral response but at the end this response was so high which leads to the lethal cell damage, not only that viral genes are replicated during the infection and spread out to many cells. the Infectivity by injecting the genetic material into the host cell and consequently it host cell become the storage of viral particle. Corona virus has some receptors binding site on its surface called the receptor binding domain (RBD) . These RBDs are essential for binding to ACE2 receptors of lungs, there are total 6 RBD amino acids are crucial for attaching to ACE2 receptors. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme which are attached on the outer surface of lungs, respiratory tract, kidney, heart. These are receptors where corona virus binds and rampantly increase the infectivity. Recently there is no proper medicine and vaccine is not available to cure the COVID-19. To prevent this disease maintain a safe distance from the affected person, as we already know it is droplet borne virus so for that we can use mask to block the nasal and oral enry of the aforementioned virus.