I need a proper solution for this question ( well explained and understandable writing)

Charged particles from outer space, called cosmic rays, strike the Earth more frequently near the poles than near the equator. Why?

In an Otto cycle air is compressed from an initial pressure 120 kPa and temperature 370 T (K). The cycle has compression ratio of 10. In the constant volume heat addition process 1000 kJ/kg heat is added into the air. Considering variation on the specific heat of air with temperature, determine,

(a) the pressure and temperature at the end of heat addition process (show the points on P-v diagram)

(b) the network output

(c) the thermal efficiency

(d) the mean effective pressure for the cycle.

The gas constant of air is R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K

(Describe the necessary assumptions you have considered in your solutions.)

Write down Maxwell’s equations in differential and integral form and explain the physics behind each one of them. Modify one of them to account for the existence of magnetic monopoles.

Suppose you fire a projectile straight up from the Earth’s North Pole with a speed of 10.5km/s. Ignore air resistance. (a) How far from the center of the Earth does the projectile rise? How high above the surface of the Earth is that? (The radius of the Earth is RE = 6.37 × 106 m, and the mass of the Earth is M = 5.97 × 1024 kg.) (b) How different is the result you got in part (a) above from what you would have obtained if you had treated the Earth’s gravitational force as a constant (independent of height), as we did in previous chapters? (c) Using the correct expression for the gravitational potential energy, what is the total energy of the projectile-Earth system, if the projectile’s mass is 1, 000 kg? Now assume the projectile is fired horizontally instead, with the same speed. This time, it actually goes into orbit! (Well, it would, if you could neglect things like air resistance, and mountains and stuff like that. Assume it does, anyway, and answer the following questions:) (d) What is the projectile’s angular momentum around the center of the Earth? (e) How far from the center of the Earth does it make it this time? (You will need to use conservation of energy and angular momentum to answer this one, unless you can think of a shortcut. . .) (f) Draw a sketch of the Earth and the projectile’s trajectory.

The charges and coordinates of two charged particles held fixed in the xy plane are: q1=1.40 μC, x1=-5.100 cm, y1=7.200 cm, and q2=9.00 μC, x2=-5.215 cm, y2=10.498 cm, Find the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic force on q2.

What are the x and y coordinates of a third charge q3=7.00 μC, if the net electrostatic force on q2 is zero?

A 1700 kg car moving east at 17 m/s collides with a 1800 kg car moving south at 20 m/s, and the two cars stick together. Consider east the positive x-direction and north the positive y-direction.

a) What is the x-component of the initial momentum before the collision? ( -7100 kg·m/s, 64900 kg·m/s or 28900 kg·m/s)

b) What is the y-component of the initial momentum before the collision? (-36000 kg·m/s, -7100 kg·m/s, 64900 kg·m/s or 36000 kg·m/s)

c) What is the x-component of the two cars’ final velocity after the collision? (8.26 m/s, 17 m/s, 16.06 m/s)

d) What is the y-component of the two cars’ final velocity after the collision? (-20 m/s, -21.18 m/s, -10.29 m/s or 10.29 m/s)

e) What is the speed of the two cars after the collision?

f) How much kinetic energy is lost in the collision?

A solenoid with 2000 turns/meter is connected to a power source that delivers an increasing current i60t^2 Ampere.The solenoid has a length of 0.2 m and a radius of 0.05 m.

a.what is the magnetic field as a function of timr inside the solenoid?

b.Use Faraday's law to find the induced emf caused by this changing magnetic field.

Is there any relationship between electrostatic force, distance, and charge? Please explain.

A 30 m long pipe with an outside diameter of 75 mm is used to deliver steam at a rate of 2000 kg / hour. The vapor pressure is 198.53 kPa entering the pipe with a quality of 98%. The pipe needs to be given insulation with thermal conductivity of 0.2 W / (m K) so that the vapor quality only slightly decreases to 95%. The outer surface temperature of the insulation is assumed to be 25 ° C. Ignore the resistance conductive from the pipe material and considered no pressure drop in the pipe. a. Determine the enthalpy of incoming steam = kJ / kg.
b. Determine the enthalpy of steam coming out = kJ / kg.
c. Determine the change / heat loss of steam along the flow = watt.
d. Determine the minimum insulation thickness required = cm.

Determine and list two practical examples of levers (in the body or daily living) for each lever class. Do not use examples already discussed in this chapter. For each example identify the force, axis, and resistance. Also explain the advantage of using each lever- that is, whether it is to achieve balance, force, motion, speed, or range of motion.

A small solid sphere of mass M₀, of radius R₀, and of uniform density ρ₀ is placed in a large bowl containing water. It floats and the level of the water in the dish is L. Given the information below, determine the possible effects on the water level L, (R-Rises, F-Falls, U-Unchanged), when that sphere is replaced by a new solid sphere of uniform density.
Read it to me
R F U R or U F or U R or F or U  The new sphere has density ρ = ρ₀ and radius R < R₀
R F U R or U F or U R or F or U  The new sphere has density ρ > ρ₀ and mass M = M₀
R F U R or U F or U R or F or U  The new sphere has radius R > R₀ and density ρ < ρ₀
R F U R or U F or U R or F or U  The new sphere has mass M > M₀ and density ρ = ρ₀
R F U R or U F or U R or F or U  The new sphere has radius R = R₀ and mass M > M₀
R F U R or U F or U R or F or U  The new sphere has mass M = M₀ and density ρ < ρ₀

A 7 nC charge is located at the origin (0,0) cm and another 4 nC charge is located at (5,0) cm. What would be the net electric field at a point (5, 4) cm? If you now place a 2 nC charge at that point what would be the magnitude of the net force acting on it?