Construct a closed PV-cycle for a gas of N= 12^22 particles, so that the final point is equal to the initial point. For each step and assuming that this is an ideal gas (so PV=NkT) and also that there is no loss of heat due to inefficiency, a) calculate/estimate the total work done BY the system (not ON the system) for each step (if your step isn't 'straight', you'll have to approximate the area under the curve), b) for each step, use the ideal gas law to estimate the temperatures at the endpoints of each step, and therefore the change in internal energy U, c) combining b) with a), estimate the heat added or withdrawn from the system for each step.

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How much power is developed by a truck motor as it pulls a 791.0 N camper at a velocity of 3.0 m/s? Please show your work to earn credit for this question.
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A shot putter accelerates a 5 kg shot put from rest to 11.2 m/s in a distance of .5 m. Find the following:
• What is the work done on the shot put?
• What is the force exerted by the shot putter?
• What power did the shot putter use?
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A soccer player kicks a .55 kg soccer ball from rest to 3.2 m/s in a distance of .45 m. Find the following:
• What is the work done on the shot put?
• What is the force exerted by the shot putter?
• What power did the shot putter use?
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Determine the direction of the force that will act on the charge in each of the following situations.

1) A negative charge moving out of the screen in a magnetic field that points downward.

2) A negative charge moving upward in an electric field that points out of the screen.

3) A positive charge moving upward in a magnetic field that points upward.

4) A negative charge moving to the left in a magnetic field that points out of the screen

5) A negative charge moving to the left in an electric field that points out of the screen.

6) A positive charge moving downward in a magnetic field that points downward.

A charge Q = 24 nC is fixed in space at co-ordinate (0, 0). Another charge q= 4 nC; of mass 0.07 kg, is placed at (d , 0) then let go where d = 10 nm. We need to find the speed of the charge q. Gravity should be ignored.

a) Find the potential energy U1 between the two charges when q is at (10 nm, 0). Number Units

b) Find the potential energy U2 between the two charges when q is at (d + r , 0) where d = 10 nm and r = 2 nm Number Units

c) Find the change in potential energy, ΔU = U2 - U1. Number Units

d) Do you expect ΔU to be positive or negative? Positive Negative

e) Is mechanical energy conserved ? Yes No

f) Using the conservation of energy, find the speed of q after it has moved a distance r = 2. Number Units

Consider a system of N particles in an infinite square well fro, x=0 to x=N*a.

find the ground state wave function and ground state energy for

A. fermions.

B. bosons.

Based on the use of the modified Rayleigh criteria demonstrate mathematically which of these two surfaces will appear bright and dark in an Aircraft C-band radar image with a wavelength (λ) of 7.5 cm and an incident angle (θ) of 48 degree. The first surface is a uniform dry sand field with an average local height (h) of 0.10 cm. The second surface is a uniform cell of dry desert scrub vegetation averaging a local height (h) of 70 cm. Be sure to show the formulas you utilize, all your calculations, and explain your results.

Two point charges of charge Q = 19 nC and mass m = 27 g are 31 cm apart. One of them is let go. Gravity should be ignored. What will its speed be when it has moved 26 cm?

1: Can heat flow either into or out of a substance without the substance changing temperature? If not, why? If so, explain and give an example of such a process.

2: An ice cube can exist for many minutes while floating in water, even when the temperature of the water is greater than 0. Explain why.

If there are 3 quantum wells separated by the same distance in a 1-D array with wavefunction ψ1 ,
ψ2 , and ψ3 for these three quantum wells respectively. The electrons only acts on the
neighboring electrons with perturbation energy H’ = -|ΔE|. If the original eigen energy of ψ1 , ψ2 ,
or ψ3 is E1, try to use degenerate perturbation theory to calculate and sketch the new eigen
energies for this array with 3 quantum wells.

A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest through a potential difference V, after which it encounters a uniform magnetic field B perpendicular to its velocity v. If the particle moves in a plane perpendicular to B,

(a) Find an expression for the radius of its circular path in terms of q, V and B.

(b) If the particle is an electron, what must the potential difference be so it describes a circular path of radius 1.5 m in a magnetic field of 0.05 T?

(1) (A)You approach a stationary sound source with a speed such that the frequency of sound you hear is 17% greater than the actual frequency. With what speed are you approaching the sound source? Use the speed of sound in air as 343 m/s.

(B)Two trains approach each other on separate but adjacent tracks. Train 1 is traveling at a speed of 31.9 m/s and train 2 at a speed of 27.6 m/s. If the engineer of train 1 sounds his horn which has a frequency of 520 Hz, determine the frequency of the sound heard by the engineer of train 2. (Use 343 m/s as the speed of sound. Enter your answer to the nearest Hz.)

(C)Alice holds a small battery operated device used for tuning instruments that emits the frequency of middle C (262 Hz) while walking with a constant speed of 3.38 m/s toward a building which presents a hard smooth surface and hence reflects sound well. (Use 343 m/s as the speed of sound in air.) (A) Determine the beat frequency Alice observes between the device and its echo. (Enter your answer to at least 1 decimal place.) (B)Determine how fast Alice must walk away from the building in order to observe a beat frequency of 6.59 Hz.
m/s

The following questions about lasers:
a. Mention and explain the characteristics of the laser beam that distinguishes it from general light.
b. Write a summary of the working principles of the laser according to the assignment about the laser you have made.

A converging lens has a focal length of 7.5 cm.

(a) What are the image distances for objects placed at the following distances from the thin lens? Also, state if each image is real or virtual, upright or inverted, and enlarged or diminished in size.

(b) If the object is 5.00 cm high, what is the height of the image for the object distance of 5.0 cm and 25.0 cm?

Four charges are placed on the corners of a rectangle with length d = 0.00341 mm and breadth s = 0.00119 mm, as shown in the figure. The charges are given in terms of the elementary charge, e = +1.602×10‒19 C, as follows: q1 = q2 = +2000e and q3 = q4 = ‒3000e.

(a) Calculate the electric potential at point A, the middle of the rectangle, and at point B, the middle of the right-hand side of the rectangle.

(b) A particle with unknown charge q and mass m = 2.342 ×10‒20 kg is placed at point A, where it is initially at rest. The charge moves from point A to point B, where it has a speed of v = 12.23 m/s. Assuming that all forces apart from the electrostatic forces in the system are negligible, determine q. Use the answers obtained in (a) in your calculation.

(c) Would you be able to obtain the answer in (b) by using the equations of motion? Give a reason for your answer.

There are two identical, positively charged conducting spheres fixed in space. The spheres are 41.0 cm apart (center to center) and repel each other with an electrostatic force of F1 = 0.0600 N. Then, a thin conducting wire connects the spheres, redistributing the charge on each sphere. When the wire is removed the spheres still repel but with a force of F2 = 0.115 N. Using this information, find the initial charge on each sphere, q1 and q2 if initially q1<q2.