Check each of the following that may exist in oligopolies and monopolistic competition when compared to pure competition.

A.increased efficiency

B. higher costs

C. less efficiency

D.more output than pure competition

E. lower output than pure competition

F.lower costs to consumers

1. Given the PPP relationship between real exchange rates, nominal exchange rates, and relative inflation rates, which of the following would we expect to occur due to an increase in foreign prices, given fixed nominal exchange rates.
2. 1. Real appreciation, if home prices don’t change, meaning home goods are more competitive
   2. Real depreciation, if home prices don’t change, meaning home goods are more competitive
   3. Real appreciation, if home prices don’t change meaning home goods are less competitive
   4. B and C

2. Suppose the spot dollar-euro exchange rate is $1.10/€, and the 60-day forward rate is $1.14/€.
   1. The dollar is selling at a forward discount
   2. The Euro is selling at a forward discount
   3. The Euro is selling at a forward premium
   4. The dollar is selling at a forward premium
   5. A and C
   6. B and D

3. Increasing unit labor cost (dollar value of labor it takes to produce a unit) implies
   1. Increased competitiveness
   2. Reduced competitiveness
   3. A real exchange rate depreciation
   4. A nominal exchange rate appreciation
   5. None of the above

4. A policy trilemma relating to exchange rates refers to
   1. One cannot have fixed exchange rates, independent monetary policy and open capital markets
   2. One cannot have flexible exchange rates, independent monetary policy and open capital markets
   3. One cannot have fixed exchange rates, independent monetary policy and capital controls
   4. One cannot have an appreciating currency, independent monetary policy and capital controls
   5. None of the above
5. Big Mac costs $3.50 in the United States and 7.80 zlotys in Poland. If the exchange rate is 3 zlotys per dollar, purchasing power parity predicts that
   1. the dollar is undervalued, and will appreciate
   2. the dollar is overvalued, and will depreciate
   3. the zloty is overvalued, and will depreciate
   4. the currencies are correctly valued

6. PPP referring to the theory that exchange rates reflect the differences in price levels may not hold because of,
   1. Transportation costs
   2. Differences between tradable and non-tradable products
   3. Differences in inflation rates
   4. Differences in interest rates
   5. A and B
   6. All of the above

7. A growing current account deficit may be caused in the short run by_____ and in the long run by __________.
   1. Change in the exchange rate; change in competitiveness
   2. Change in the business cycle; change in FDI
   3. Change in exchange rates; change in the savings-investment imbalance
   4. All of the above
   5. None of the above

8. The Mexican financial crisis of 1994 was characterized by _______ versus the Asian crisis which was characterized by _________________
   1. Sovereign debt; contagion
   2. Large current account deficit; poor real estate loans and contagion between countries
   3. Hyperinflation; Large current account deficit
   4. None of the above

9. The J-curve refers to
   1. The phenomenon that real depreciation can first cause a current account to worsen and then to improve over time.
   2. The phenomenon that real depreciation can first cause a current account to improve and then to worsen over time.
   3. The phenomenon that interest rate increases first cause a current account to worsen and then to improve over time.
   4. The phenomenon that interest rate increases first cause a current account to improve and then to improve over time.

10. When a country takes this currency regime it will back up its domestic money supply with foreign reserves
    1. Fixed peg
    2. Crawling band
    3. Currency board
    4. Flexible exchange rate
    5. None of the above

Due to Covid – 19 Pandemic that caused economics crisis, Bank of Canada had cut interest rates; and it is likely to announce further cuts even if interest rates went into negative territory;

If we assume that, because of the actions of Bank of Canada, the economy is fully recovered to the extent that it developed an inflationary gap.

1. After this recovery that developed an inflationary gap, is Bank of Canada going to increase or decrease the interest rates?

2. Based on your answer to (a) above, and with the aid of an appropriate labeled diagram, show the effect on the money supply.

3. With your understanding of the monetary transmission mechanism and assuming an open economy, explain how the Central Bank of Canada’s actions affect the various components of Aggregate Demand, and, ultimately the equilibrium price level and real GDP?  Use the appropriate labeled diagrams to help explain your answers.

Consider the effect of a proportional tax on hours worked using diagrams to illustrate your answers. Assume consumers are endowed with a certain number of hours of leisure time each week that they can sell to the market in the form of work, decompose the overall effect of the tax into income and substitution effects.

in 300 words Do you think that private prisons are a good idea or should all prisons be run by the government? Explain why.

Consider the effect of a proportional tax on hours worked using diagrams to illustrate your answers. Assume consumers are endowed with a certain number of hours of leisure time each week that they can sell to the market in the form of work, Beginning with no tax, draw a diagram to show the effect of the introduction of the proportional tax. Given that leisure is a normal good, provide a theoretical prediction about the effect of the tax on hours worked. Decompose the overall effect of the tax into income and substitution effects. What assumption is required for the tax to cause a decrease in hours worked? ( this is a 30 mark question so could you please elaborate more on it for me

How much money should you save now to have a guaranteed saving of $1,000 per year for 12 years starting next year, at a rate of return of 12% per year?

1. The production function of a firm is Y = x₁^1/2x₂^1/2 . Suppose in the short run factor 2 is fixed at 400 units. The cost of factor 1 is $2 and the cost of factor 2 is $1. The price of the output is $6 each. What's the maximum profit that the firm can get in the short run?

   		1400
   		3600
   		1800
   		2000

suppose the firm is in the long run and can now choose both inputs freely. What's the optimal level of input 1 in terms of y?

Question 32 (1 point)

Which of the following statements is true?

Question 33 (1 point)

Which of the following statements is true?

Question 34 (1 point)

Which of the following statements is true?

Question:

(a)How is an offer made and accepted in electronic Commerce? Cite examples of E-contracts. Use appropriate case law to support your answer

Assume cattle are raised for both meat and hides. Ceteris paribus, how would a rise in the demand for meat affect the price of hides?

Group of answer choices

It would lower the price of hides.

It would raise the price of hides.

Here are four statements about how people’s expectations of future prices affect what they do in the current period.

I           If both buyers and sellers expect the price to rise next period, the price would rise

in the current period.

II         If both buyers and sellers expect the price to fall next period, the price would fall

in the current period.

III         If buyers expect the price to rise next period and sellers expect the price to fall next

period, the quantity traded would rise in the current period.

IV        If buyers expect the price to fall next period and sellers expect the price to rise next period, the quantity traded would fall in the current period.

Choose the correct option from the list below.

Group of answer choices

Only I and II are true.

Only I and IV are true.

All four statements are true.

Only II and III are true.

Only III and IV are true.

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Question 71 pts

This question tests your understanding of the market period (also known as the very short run).

At the equilibrium price, the amount by which the total stock exceeds the quantity demanded by buyers is equal to

Group of answer choices

the sellers’ reservation demand

both the options in this list

the quantity supplied by sellers

This question tests your understanding of the market period (also known as the very short run).

At the equilibrium price, the amount by which the total stock exceeds the quantity demanded by buyers is equal to

Group of answer choices

the sellers’ reservation demand

both the options in this list

the quantity supplied by sellers

Here are four statements about (price) elasticities of demand and supply in the market for water.

I           The demand for water is MORE elastic in the short run than in the long run.

II         The demand for water to drink is LESS elastic than the total demand for water for all other purposes.

III       The supply of water is LESS elastic in the short run than in the long run.

IV       The supply of drinking water is likely to be MORE elastic than the supply of water for irrigation.

Choose the correct option from the list below.

Group of answer choices

Only III and IV are true.

Only I and II are true.

Only I and IV are true.

Only II and III are true.

This question tests your understanding of income elasticity of demand.

If the income elasticity of a normal good is LESS THAN ONE, total expenditure on the good

Group of answer choices

decreases as a proportion of total household spending

increases as a proportion of total household spending

remains a constant proportion of total household spending

This question tests your understanding of cross-price elasticity of demand.

11. Which statement below is TRUE? (Choose one.)

A         If two goods are close substitutes, the cross-price elasticity of demand is negative.

B          If two goods are complements, the cross-price elasticity of demand is positive.

Group of answer choices

Both A and B are true.

Only A

Only B

Neither A nor B is true.

Using complete sentences and proper grammar, thoroughly discuss each of the 4 concepts you have chosen (Minimum of 100 words for EACH concept):

During this class, several different macroeconomics concepts were covered.

Select any 4 Macroeconomic concepts/topics/assignments we have covered thus far in class, list them, and explain how the economic concept(s) impacts you.   Explain and support your answer (examples are encouraged!)

Examples of topics/concepts: Supply and demand, Diminishing marginal utility, international trade, etc. Thank you!!!!

. Explain how the Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the various types of consumption: durables, semi-durables, and non-durables. How are these impacts different and why?

examine how indifference curves assissts in the understanding of pareto efficiency