Suppose that the firms’ mark-up over costs is 5% and the wage-setting equation is W = P (1 − u) where u is the unemployment rate.
(a) Suppose the mark-up of prices over costs increases to 10%. What happens to the natural rate of unemployment? Explain the logic behind the answer and the sense in which there is nothing “natural” about the natural rate of unemployment.
In: Economics
In: Economics
The title "How Monetary Policy Changed in Australia on 18th March 2020".
Could you please explain briefly, but clearly and correctly how the RBA managed the cash rate before 18th March, and what has happened since then? (In Australia)
In: Economics
economics is broken into two fields: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Most issues fall in one or the other; however, the COVID-19 virus has implications for both. Limiting your discussion to the U.S., explain why it touches on both microeconomics and macroeconomics and use specific examples to support that position. I recommend beginning with a distinction between the two fields and then proceeding.
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In: Economics
Refer to the scenario below to answer the following question(s).
Carol Veldt, owner of Seagull Terrace, watched her investment grow from a small, seaside motel to a thriving year- round resort in just a few years. Atop a cliff overlooking the Maine coast, Seagull Terrace had attracted thousands of visitors during summer, but then faced a tremendous downturn in business during winter. "But, given the established industries in the nearby towns, very little year- round competition, and our close proximity to Portland," Carol added, "I couldn't understand why seasonality had to hit Seagull Terrace so hard!"
So Carol spent her first winter devising a new marketing plan. She put together a promotional package designed to attract business travelers year- round. Carol's plan also involved a seasonal promotional gimmick to be implemented from early winter to late spring that would attract the same numbers as the large summer crowd. Her idea worked! During her second winter, Carol greeted numerous business travelers both satisfied repeat guests as well as new guests who had been snagged by her promotional appeals.
"We still have a long way to go," Carol admitted. "Our delicatessen offers entrees that are a part of the local cuisine, but we'd like to expand that. We provide health club privileges off- site, but we'd like to eventually provide our own. These are goals I hope to achieve in a few years. Our first project, however, included a renovation of our guest rooms and I'm quite proud of the results." Carol then added, "Actually there are so many possibilities. With an indoor pool area, I will eventually offer weekend getaways throughout winter."
A) manufacturing
In: Economics
1. A nondiscriminating monopolist earning positive short-run economic profit determines that its current marginal cost is $15 and its current marginal revenue is $20. To maximize profit, a firm should
raise price and increase output |
||
raise price and decrease output |
||
maintain a constant price and increase output |
||
reduce price and increase output |
||
shut down |
2.
A monopolist maximizes profit at the quantity where the slope of its total revenue curve equals the slope of its total cost curve.
True |
||
False |
3.
A monopolist's demand curve
is horizontal at the market price |
||
lies above its marginal revenue curve |
||
is the same as its marginal cost curve |
||
indicates that the firm must raise price to sell additional units |
||
lies above the marginal cost curve at all levels of output |
4.
A monopolist faces an upward-sloping marginal cost curve. Its profit-maximizing quantity will be
at the minimum point of the marginal cost curve |
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less than the (total) revenue-maximizing quantity |
||
equal to the (total) revenue-maximizing quantity |
||
in the unit elastic segment of the demand curve |
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in the inelastic segment of the demand curve |
5.
A monopolist maximizes total revenue at the quantity where marginal revenue equals zero.
True |
||
False |
6.
A natural monopoly results when a firm has
a license |
||
a patent |
||
official approval to produce a product |
||
decreasing average costs over the range of market demand |
||
exclusive use of a natural resource |
7.
A monopolist has no supply curve because
as demand changes, each output level can be consistent with more than one profit-maximizing price |
||
monopolists tend to restrict output |
||
monopolists have no marginal cost curve |
||
monopolists can charge any price they want |
||
as demand changes, the firm's profit-maximizing choice of output may change |
8.
A profit-maximizing monopolist
never produces on the inelastic portion of the demand curve because it can increase profit by increasing output |
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never produces on the inelastic portion of the demand curve because marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost |
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always produces on the inelastic portion of the demand curve |
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never produces on the elastic portion of the demand curve because there are no substitutes for the good it produces |
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never produces on the inelastic portion of the demand curve because marginal revenue is negative there |
9.
A monopolist is
one of a large number of small firms that produce a homogeneous good |
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one of a small number of large firms that produce a differentiated good |
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a single seller of a product with many close substitutes |
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one of a small number of large firms that produce a homogeneous good |
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a single seller of a product with no close substitutes |
10.
A monopolist's marginal revenue curve is flatter than its demand curve.
True |
||
False |
11.
A monopolist's supply curve is the portion of its marginal cost curve above average variable cost.
True |
||
False |
12.
A perfectly discriminating monopolist converts every dollar of producer surplus into economic profit.
True |
||
False |
13.
A monopolist's demand curve is
its marginal cost curve |
||
its marginal revenue curve |
||
identical to the market demand curve |
||
the same as the demand curve of a firm in perfect competition |
||
nonexistent |
14.
A firm facing a downward-sloping demand curve sells 50 units of output at $10 each. The firm's marginal revenue is
$500 |
||
more than $10 but less than $500 |
||
$10 |
||
less than $10 |
||
zero |
15.
A natural monopoly is based on economies of scale.
True |
||
False |
16.
A monopolist's short-run supply curve is
its average fixed cost curve |
||
the part of the marginal cost curve above the average variable cost curve |
||
the part of the marginal cost curve below the average variable cost curve |
||
nonexistent |
||
its demand curve |
17.
A monopolist maximizes profit at the quantity where its total revenue curve equals total cost.
True |
||
False |
18.
A monopolist price discriminates by
charging different buyers different prices for different products |
||
charging different buyers different prices for the same product |
||
selling at a price below average total cost |
||
selling at a price below marginal cost |
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selling at a price above marginal revenue |
19.
A monopolist that engages in perfect price discrimination
divides all buyers into two mutually exclusive groups |
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refuses to sell to consumers of certain races, sexes, or creeds |
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charges the same price for every unit sold |
||
charges a different price for every unit sold |
||
charges buyers who want a little of the good a low price and charges buyers who want a lot of the good a high price |
20.
A monopolist has complete control over both price and quantity of output.
True |
||
False |
21.
The demand curve facing a monopolist
is kinked at the market price |
||
is perfectly elastic |
||
lies above its marginal revenue curve |
||
lies below its marginal revenue curve |
||
is the same as its marginal revenue curve |
22.
A major fruit juice manufacturer failed in its attempt to engage in price discrimination between students and all other consumers. What is a possible explanation for this failure?
There was nothing to prevent the students from reselling the fruit juice to other consumers. |
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The fruit juice manufacturer produced in a perfectly competitive market. |
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The two groups of consumers probably have the same demand elasticity for fruit juice. |
||
The cost of producing the product is relatively high. |
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Demand for fruit juice is probably inelastic. |
23.
A monopolist
can charge whatever price it wants |
||
charges more than almost any consumer is willing to pay |
||
is constrained by marginal cost in setting price |
||
is constrained by demand in setting price |
||
always earns an economic profit |
24.
A price searcher is any firm that has no control over price and must accept the market price as given.
True |
||
False |
25.
A monopolist earning short-run economic profit determines that at its present level of output, marginal revenue is $23 and marginal cost is $30. Which of the following should the firm do to increase profit?
Raise price and lower output. |
||
Lower price and lower output. |
||
Raise price and raise output. |
||
Lower price and raise output. |
||
Lower output but leave price unchanged. |
In: Economics
The United States economy is currently operating above the full employment level of GDP.
In: Economics
This is our last discussion of the quarter, it's about the Currency Exchange and its effects on the macroeconomics:
1) Compared to Three (3) other currencies such as Canadian, Euro, China, and Japan (or other currencies you have interest in), please find out if the US Dollar currency has appreciated or depreciated since one year ago?
2) What are the effects of the appreciated/depreciated US dollar to the economy of the United States? State two positive effects and two negative effects.
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Imagine the following hypothetical situation. Two firms, Super Chic Farm and Fortune Poultry, have become the only suppliers of fresh chicken meat in Singapore. Both firms are seeking to increase their profits and are considering entering into illicit price collusion by agreeing to charge artificially high prices. Such a practice is illegal and risks heavy fines. Analyse the interaction between the two firms using game theory. Present a payoff matrix to model the situation and analyse it for Nash equilibrium. Which is the best outcome for each firm? Which is the best outcome for society as a whole? What can be done by the firms or government to make society’s best outcome more likely?
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Explain what the gravity model of trade predict are the major predictors of trade flows between countries. Discuss how this model helps to explain trade flows using three of its leading trade partners as examples.
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Consider the predictions of the HO model and the Ricardian model of trade with regard to overall gains from trade, specialization, and distribution of income generated.
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Q2: Assume that factors that affect the aggregate expenditures of thesample economy, which are desired consumption, taxes, governmentspending, investment and net exports are given as follows:
•Cd=600+0.6 YD,
•T=100 +0.2Y,
•G=400,
•Id=300,
•NXd=200 – 0.1Y,
•TR=0
a) According to the above information explain how the tax collection changes as income in the economy changes?
b) Write the expression for YD.
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Explain the Leontief paradox. Make sure to explain why it is a paradox. Provide at least
three explanations for this paradox.
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