Explain the effect that choice of discount rate (in environmental analysis) could have on sustainable use of resources (10)

( The subject is "Natural and Resource Environmental Economics)

1a) What model of market pricing behavior would be best suited to describe the production and pricing decisions being made here for Green Sparty soda (Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition)? Explain your answer.

1b) n addition to selling her own new soda, this entrepreneurial Spartan is also selling a generic cola which sells in the market at a price of $1 for a 2-liter bottle. What is the Marginal Revenue (MR) for selling a bottle of this generic cola?

1. Under the Statute of Frauds, contracts that cannot be performed within one year from the day after the date of formation must be in writing. When does the time begin to run: 1. The time begins to run from the day the contract was signed. 2. The time begins to run from the day after the contract was signed. 3. The time begins to run at the exact time that the parties signed the contract. 4. The time begins to run immediately after the offeree signs the contract.

Regarding the industrial competitiveness of Shopee Malaysia in the electronic market, in your opinion what do you think the five (5) possible key factors does Shopee Malaysia  e-commerce website may be successful in participating in the Malaysian electronic market? Rationalize in detail.

1. Kevin and Natalie are getting married. Kevin has proposed to Natalie and Natalie has accepted. Natalie is worried about getting her education and how she will pay for it once they marry. Kevin orally promises Natalie that he will pay for her schooling if Natalie will marry Kevin. Natalie agrees. However, they do not sign a prenumptial agreement. The following is true: a) Kevin and Natalie have an implied agreement holding Kevin to paying for Natalie’s schooling. b) This agreement is an express agreement and is enforceable as an oral contract. c) This agreement is an express agreement but must be in writing to be enforceable by the Court. d) This is not an agreement because it relates to marriage and a prenumptial agreement should have been signed.

As in the previous question: Quantity demanded for good A is given by the following:

Q(A) = 100 - 0.2P(A) - 0.1P(B)-0.5Y,

where P(A) is the price of good A, P(B) is the price of good B, and Y is consumer income.

What is the cross price elasticity of demand for good A with respect to a change in the price of good B when Q(A)=2 and P(B)=4?

Question 7 options:

As in the previous question: Quantity demanded for good A is given by the following:

Q(A) = 100 - 0.2P(A) - 0.1P(B)-0.5Y,

where P(A) is the price of good A, P(B) is the price of good B, and Y is consumer income.

Suppose Q(A)=2 and P(B)=4. If the price of good B is projected to increase by 10%, by how much will demand for good A change?

Question 8 options:

A firm offers a pick and drop facility for its workers.

Why would a profit-maximizing firm opt for such a policy?

Explain how personal the level of needs for achievement, affiliation and power may influence the opportunity-driven and necessity driven in developing entrepreneurial values, character & motivation of a person.

Cite some observations of your experience in the travel agency companies.

Consider the following demand function for game consoles: (D): P = 400 - 20Q

1. Assume that the price decreases from 150$ to 100$.

a. Calculate the price elasticity of demand.(midpoint method )

b. Is the demand elastic, inelastic or unit elastic?

c. What happens to Total Revenue?

2. Assume that the price decreases from 75$ to 50$.

a. Calculate the price elasticity of demand.(mid point method )

b. Is the demand elastic, inelastic or unit elastic?

c. What happens to Total Revenue?

Despite being the third largest tobacco producer in the world, Brazil has developed a comprehensive tobacco control policy that includes a broad restriction on both advertising and smoking in indoor public places, compulsory pictorial warning labels, and a menthol cigarette ban. However, tax and pricing policies have been developed slowly and only very recently were stronger measures implemented. In a survey asking smokers about their reaction to the hypothetical tax increase, smokers most frequently said they would try to stop smoking or smoke fewer cigarettes. However, a considerable percentage responded that they would use alternatives that would reduce the effect of price increases, such as the same brand with lower cost. Tax increases and consequently price increases for tobacco products are addressed in article 6 of The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and are considered to be one of the best policies in reducing the demand for tobacco products . Price increases contribute significantly towards reducing consumption, increasing the number of attempts to quit, promoting cessation, and preventing initiation. Econometric studies have shown that a 10% increase in tobacco prices may lead to a 5 to 8% reduction in the prevalence of smoking .

Using your own knowledge and the article provided above, answer the following questions:

e) Given the information provided in the text, calculate the approximated price elasticity of demand for tobacco products.
f) How far do you agree with the statement that taxes are successful in significantly reducing demand for tobacco products?
g) What other, alternative measures, could country struggling with excessive smoking introduce?
h) Why governments should aim at reducing consumption of tobacco products?

Suppose the economy has the Phillips curve ?? = ??−1 − 0.5(?? − ?? ? ), where the natural rate of unemployment is given by the average of past two years’ unemployment: ?? ? = 0.5(??−1 + ??−2).

(i) Why might the natural rate of unemployment depend on recent unemployment (as is assumed in the preceding equation)? [5]

(ii) Suppose the Central bank follows a policy to reduce the inflation rate permanently by 1 per centage point. What effect will that policy have on the unemployment over time? [10]

(iii) What is the sacrifice ratio for this economy in practice? [5]

Question 3: Suppose federal government decreases taxes by (ΔT= 10 million) and increases government spending by (ΔG = 20 million), as a result output is changed by (ΔY).

a. (10 points) Assuming that the Federal reserve changes money supply such that the interest rate stays constant and marginal propensity to consume is MPC= 0.6. What is the change in output

(ΔY)? What is ΔY ? What is ΔY? Show your work. ΔT ΔG

b. (10 points) If the fed does not change money supply, do you expect the effect of the changes in tax and spending to be larger or smaller? Explain why?

Our concept of what a business is involves the important use of economic calculation in the decision-making process by an entrepreneur for forming or not forming a business unit, or if expansion of an existing business unit is contemplated, whether or not to proceed with the expansion. The entrepreneur attempts to construct a persuasive story, or case, persuading him- or herself to undertake (or not to undertake) the formation of a new business, or expansion of an existing one. Show how the market system adjusts to a changing landscape by discussing the functions of price and what goes into economic calculation. How does the socialist commonwealth adjust to change?

Suppose that new data indicates that the global economy is slowing down, and we are heading for another global recession. As a result, there is pessimism among domestic consumers and investors affecting consumer and investment spending.

(i) Show this development using Aggregate demand/Aggregate Supply (AD-AS) model of the domestic economy clearly. (Hint: Begin with the AD-AS diagram for the economy that shows the economy is in long-run equilibrium). Make sure to label the variables represented on the X-axis and Y-axis of the graph clearly. Also mark the curves in the graphs clearly indicating what they represent. Marks will depend on the neatness and completeness of the graph.

(ii) What are the fiscal and monetary policy measures that the policy makers (government and the central bank) can undertake to correct the impact of the fall in spending? (Explain as many policy measures in writing. Include any diagrammatic representation of the effects of these policies only if required).

(iii) What are the possible long run impacts of the recommended policy measures in part (b)? (Explain the impact in writing, a diagrammatic representation not required).

In US cities Public Education and Economic Development are two of the most important policy areas. Why are they so Important? What are the key challenges facing US cities in these two policy areas? If you are advising a mayor what are key policy positions you'd take and why?