what was the change in the system of the Uk from 1940 to 2012? from the economical and political and social side and what is the effect of that now when the country is facing epidemics, such as now, for example.  
I need a detailed answer, please.

What is the analogy between people overgrazing a commonly owned area of land and the use of public air space in the case of the coronavirus pandemic? What is a possible remedy to prevent air space from becoming overused during a pandemic? What is the cost of not regulating shared air space and letting individuals decide for themselves whether to go to work, go shopping, gather in groups, etc.? Would a single business sacrificing profit by closing down to prevent the spread of the virus be an effective remedy to prevent a pandemic from spreading? Why or why not?

What are the economic similarities between the problem of the destruction of the tropical rain forest, the near extinction of bison, and the problem of overfishing?

Please discuss the implications of followings in terms of shape of IS & LM curves and the impact of fiscal policy (IS shifts) and the monetary policy (LM shifts). (Hint: the shape of IS &LM curves can be evaluated in terms of its intercept and the slope)

i) as the investors become less sensitive to interest rate ?(Hint: Consider the Investment function as I = I0 – b.i, where i is the interest rate and b represents the investors’ sensitivity to interest rate change) ?

ii) as the marginal propensity to consume increases ?

Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Psychology

Create a 10 survey questions that designed to examine why consumers decided to purchase your chosen product (i.e LAPTOP). These questions should inquire about perception, attitudes, motivation, and cultural factors. Please note that this survey should not ask participants questions about product or service quality/attributes and customer satisfaction.

In providing the list of ten questions, you must also include theories/concepts that link to each of the questions, and objective/s of the questions.

Model of tree growth, support with graph.
(a) Discuss the biological decision rule to harvest the forest. [3 points]
(b) Show the optimal time to harvest from a profit maximization perspec- tive. Is it the same as in a)? Why yes or why not? [10 points]
(c) Discuss how the discount rate will affect the harvest decision. [3 points]

Suppose the followings represent the goods market:

C = C0 + c(Y-T) (Consumption Function)

I = I0 - d.i (Investment Function)

G = T = T0 (Government’s Balanced Budget Condition)

Suppose the followings represent the financial markets:

Md = a - b.i (Money Demand Function)

Ms = M0 (Money Supply Function)

i) Please compare the Money Demand Function represented above with the standard Money Demand function (referred in your book) and discuss about similarities and differences?

ii) Describe the equilibrium in both financial and goods market by solving the system (Goods and Financial Markets) for equilibrium i and Y?

Per the text book, OB experts have proposed 12 mechanisms or levers for changing organizational culture. These levers can be pushed to create a preferred type of culture, or they can be pulled to reduce a particular culture type. Changing culture amounts to pushing and pulling these levers to create a culture profile that is best suited to help an organization achieve its goals.

These mechanisms or levers include:

Formal statements of organizational philosophy, mission, vision, values, and materials used for recruiting, selection, and socialization.

The design of physical space, work environments, and buildings.

Slogans, language, acronyms, and sayings.

Deliberate role modeling, training programs, teaching, and coaching by others.

Explicit rewards, status symbols, and promotion criteria. Stories, legends, and myths about key people and events.

The organizational activities, processes, or outcomes that leaders pay attention to, measure, and control.

Leader reactions to critical incidents and organizational crises.

The rites and rituals used to celebrate important events or achievements.

The workflow and organizational structure.

Organizational systems and procedures.

Organizational goals and the associated criteria used throughout the employee cycle.

In a 1 to 2 page respond to these questions: 1. Which of the 12 mechanisms do you believe is most effective? Why?

2. Describe one or more organizations that are exhibiting one of these 12 mechanisms? Which and how?

3. Show how the 12 mechanisms relate to other things motivation, leadership, etc ?

How did the American West change the landscape and lives for many Americans? What impact did American policy have on the lives of Native Americans? (Please provide examples) How did the railroad industry impact Western life?

A business student is considering opening a business selling ice cream next summer. The student views this as an alternative to taking summer employment with a local firm where he would earn £4,000 during the 3-month summer period. It would cost £2,000 to obtain a license to operate their stand, £1,200 per month to rent the stand with the necessary equipment and £150 per month for insurance. Petrol costs are estimated at £12 per day and are not affected by sales. The ice cream ingredients can be bought for £5.60 per kilo and cones cost £1.80 per dozen. The ice cream cones contain 100 grams of ice cream and would sell for £1.50 each. a) Find the accounting cost function for the proposed business. b) Find the economic cost function for the proposed business. c) Calculate the level of output where the business would make normal profit. a. Chocolate flakes can be bought at £5 for a box of 20, and the ice creams with flakes are sold for £2.20. If 40% of the customers buy these, calculate the effect of this on the output necessary to make normal profit. d) If the student can sell 200 ice creams a day, 40% with flakes, estimate the economic profit he would make. Advise him whether he should enter the business.

Companies come for campus placement where through interview they
try to estimate the candidate’s future marginal revenue product and
after the process decide the salary. After one year’s performance (or
any decided tenure), the candidate is either promoted or sacked. What
economic calculations are taken in account to arrive at the decision?
Explain the answer in detail.

What are some different ways the government can regulate public utilities.

Q1. What are the conditions for a perfectly competitive market? What are the conditions for a monopolistic market? What are the conditions for a monopolistic competitive market? What are the conditions for an oligopolistic market? How would you explain the differences among these market structures?