Choose all the true statements.

-Liquid water has a lower entropy than liquid benzene at 25°C because of hydrogen bonding in water.

-Entropy is the main driving force in the formation of the DNA double helix.

-All elements in their standard states have an entropy of zero at 25°C.

-Reactions that involve only gases always have a positive change in entropy

-Evaporating a liquid has always a positive change in entropy freezing water is possible only if the entropy of the surroundings increases

-It is impossible to freeze ethanol because the change in entropy of the system is negative.

-Ice at 0°C has a higher entropy than liquid water at 0°C because the density of ice is lower than the density of water.

-Binding a substrate to an enzyme always lowers the entropy because the substrate loses translational and rotational degrees of freedom.

1.

How do heavy metals such as arsenite inhibit the PDC?

Group of answer choices

They complex with FAD

They complex with pyruvate dehydrogenase

They complex with Acetyl CoA

They complex with lipoic acid

2.

Glucose can NOT be synthesized from which of the following organic molecules?

Group of answer choices

Pyruvate

Alanine

Glycerol

Adenine

Lactate

3.

Which of the following vitamins are precursors to coenzymes that are necessary for the formation of succinyl CoA from α-ketoglutarate?

Group of answer choices

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, lipoic acid, pantothenic acid, and biotin

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and biotin

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, lipoic acid, and pantothenic acid

thiamine, riboflavin, and lipoic acid

4.

The bifunctional enzyme is also known as __________.

Group of answer choices

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase

phosphofructokinase II

protein kinase 2

phosphofructokinase I

fructose 1-6 phosphatase

A cause of macrocytic anemia is:

A. Iron deficiency

B. Antibodies against intrinsic factor

C. An enzyme deficiency

D. Inheritance of abnormal hemoglobin structure

       E. None of the above

2. In sickle cell disease, vassoocclusive crisis is the result of:

        A. Sequestration of large number of RBCs in the Spleen

        B. Damage to the platelets due to antibodies

        C. plugging of small blood vessels by sickle RBCs

        D. Treatment Drugs side effects

3. Localized out pouching of heart chamber is a /an:

         A. Thrombus

         B. Embolus

         C. Aneurysm

         D. Thromboembolism

4. Which of the following is not a risk factor in development of  atherosclerosis?

   A. Diabetes

   B. Smoking

   C. Hypertension

   D. Anemia

5. The current anabolic steroids used by some gym rats are LEAST LIKELY to give them:

1. bigger muscles
2. higher LDL
3. Lower HDL
4. Testicular enlargement

topic- how food travels through the body

I would like to know how a salad, French fries or concentrated sweets are digested.  If you were teaching a basic lesson on digestion, how would you describe the digestive process and what does the body do if eating salad or French fries, is there a difference? where hormones and enzyme information begins about how the activities vary depending on the food.

The goal is to understand what happens to the food when the body digests it and how does the body respond. This entire assignment should just be a couple of paragraphs, concise description is what I'm looking for. 

(To help you out as an example, when you eat fat the gallbladder secretes bile made by the liver but if you eat an apple that doesn't happen.  This will allow you to understand how digestion works.)

In the bacterium Bacillus subtilus, there are five genes coding for proline biosynthetic enzymes. They are located adjacent to one another on the chromosome. If excess proline is present in the medium, the synthesis of all five enzymes is coordinately repressed, whereas in the absence of proline, all five genes are coordinately expressed.

a. Most mutations in this region of the chromosome result in the loss of activity of only one of the enzymes. Explain how such a mutation would only effect the production of one enzyme. What is the counterpart of this type of mutation in the lac operon system?

b. Some mutations, mapping to one end of the cluster of proline biosynthesis genes, result in the loss of all five enzymes, even though none of the structural genes have been lost. Explain how such a mutation could affect all five genes. What is the counterpart of this type of mutation in the lac operon system?

Match each term below with its definition:

(a)    Domesticated animals and plants can spread easily to new locations with a similar climate. The African and Eurasian continents are connected, and the climate in the south of Africa is very similar with the Eurasia continents. But why the domesticated species did not reach the south of Africa in the early human history? Explain. (3 Points)

A portion of an ancient skeleton has been uncovered in Asia. Since the skull is missing, the discoverers can not determine whether the skeleton is from a human or some type of ape. The only portions that the excavators have been able to find are the pelvis and one complete leg. What should they look for?

1. You aim to detect human protein PTEN. Answer to following:

*highlight correct answer

1. Primary antibody is anti-PTEN antibody. TRUE / FALSE
2. Can use of secondary antibody be avoided? Briefly explain your opinion.
3. Secondary antibody is anti-primary antibody. TRUE / FALSE