The diagram below represents a hypothetical enzyme protein with 100 amino acids. The number scale indicates the position of each amino acid. This enzyme is regulated by an allosteric inhibitor.

Amino Acid position number

0         10           20         30         40         50         60         70         80         90        100

I______I_______I______I______I______I______I______I______I______I______I

                          I<------------------>I                                    I<--------->I                                         

                                Active Site                                       Allosteric Site

1. What would be the likely effect on this enzyme’s activity if there were three separate point deletion mutations in the codons for the amino acids between position 4 and 12? Justify your answer with a brief description.
2. What would be the likely effect on this enzyme’s activity if there was a point insertion mutation in the codon for the amino acid at position 37? Justify your answer with a brief description
3. What would be the likely effect on this enzyme’s activity if there was a substitution mutation in the third base in the codon for the amino acid at position 50? Justify your answer with a brief description.

Present an overview of the Kreb's cycle and the major metabolic pathways feeding into and out of it. Include the structures of the Kreb's cycle intermediates. Include glycolysis, beta- oxidation of fatty acids and amino acid catabolism. Also, include a description of the Kreb's cycle in the biosynthesis of amino acid. Include the structures when nescessary and production of energy in the form of ATP and reduced co factors

Please answer all

Which of these is a nonpolar hydrophobic molecule?

In an enzyme, strictly the protein portion is termed the _____________________.

Glycine (Gly) is a(n) _______________.

Which of these processes generates the most ATP per molecule of glucose.

How many double bonds are in the carbon skeleton of a saturated fat?

DNA is comprised of what type of monomers?

The endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) can be "smooth" or "rough", the presence of _________ make it rough E.R.

You have a healthy culture of bacterial cells, if you want the cells to remain healthy, what type of solution should you provide to your culture?

) Describe how skeletal muscle derives ATP over a period of prolonged activity.  Use these subheadings as a guide to start your thinking.  Do this out loud in lab and by hand later:

• Creatine Phosphate

• Oxidative Phosphorylation

• Glycolysis

• Glycogen

• Circulating Glucose

• Circulating Fatty Acids

• Amino Acids

• Lactic Acid

• High Oxygen Levels

• Low Oxygen Levels

• Gluconeogenesis

1. Which of the following groups of allosteric effectors are all sensors of an energy poor status in the cell?

Group of answer choices

a.cAMP, CoASH, ADP

b.ATP, NADH, acetyl CoA

2. Which one of the following statements about gluconeogenesis in mammals is false?

a.It consists entirely of the reactions of glycolysis, operating in the reverse direction.

b.It requires metabolic energy (ATP or GTP).

c. It can use amino acids as starting material.

d. The pathway includes the liver enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase.

3. Which of the following is true of mammalian glycogen synthase?

It catalyzes addition of (α1 ⟶⟶ 4) linked glucose residues to the nonreducing end of a glycogen chain.

PKA activation of glycogen synthase requires phosphorylation of one or more amino acids.

The enzyme binds F2,6 bisphosphate (F26BP).

cAMP is an allosteric effector that binds and inhibits glycogen synthase.

c.AMP, NAD+, CoASH

d. Acetyl CoA, AMP, NAD+

4. If a cell is actively fluxing only phases I (oxidative) and II (isomerase) of the pentose phosphate pathway, which of the following statement most accurately describes the physiological status of the cell from the information given?

The cell is in an energy-poor status.

The cell is at the point in its cell cycle where DNA replication is highest.

The cell is under oxidative stress and needs high level of glucose.

The cell is producing heat through uncoupled electron flow.

5.

Which of the following is true about F26BP (fructose-2,6bisphosphate)?

Its level is regulated by glucagon in the mammalian liver.

It is synthesized and broken down by a bifunctional enzyme.

It is not an intermediate in any metabolic pathway.

All statements about F26BP are true.

Here is a scheme describing the keto-enol tautomerization reaction. Design the catalytic site of an enzyme that would accelerate the rate of this reaction. The rate enhancement should be as great as possible. Draw the amino acids that would be involved in the reaction and the electron flow during each reaction step. Remember that the enzyme has to be regenerated at the end of catalysis.

A 3000 bp region of the human genome encodes two genes. One of the genes encodes a protein of 700 amino acids and the other gene encodes a protein of 310 amino acids. The mRNA sequences of the two genes do not contain any of the same nucleotide sequences. How is this possible? Fully explain your answer.