Do you agree with the U.N. Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty that U.S. policies towards poverty ignore human rights and as a result, our democracy is steadily being undermined? How do you explain the fact that there are 40 million people living under the federal poverty line in the richest country on earth? What kind of actions do you expect the government to take in order to address poverty and income inequality or do you think that these issues are society's responsibility to deal with? Explain.

1. What policy implications arising from the Lewis model?
2. The 20 century will be remembered as an era of great achievement in human endeavor and enormous economic growth and prosperity. Nevertheless, as we have entered into 21 century, various development challenges need to be addressed. In light of this, what are the current trends and major issues for 21th century?
3. Despite the advantages of free trade, president Trump recently imposed tariffs on major USA allies. What arguments have been used to justify this position?

Researchers studying the human voice measure the volume in decibels. Normal conversation occurs at around

50 decibels but some singers can reach over 100 decibels. The researchers choose a random sample of 25

professional opera singers and record the maximum volume reached by each. They find the mean volume for

this sample is 98 decibels with a standard deviation of 10 decibels. Carry out a hypothesis test with alpha= 0.05,

to determine if the mean maximum volume of all professional opera singers is 100 decibels.

Confidence Intervals

1. In a random sample of 1100 American adults it was found that 320 had hypertension (high-blood pressure). The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) wants the population proportion of hypertension to 16% by 2022.

   1. Find the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all adult Americans that have hypertension.

   2. Interpret the confidence interval in the words of the problem.

   3. Find the error bound.

   4. Does this data and analysis provide evidence that the population proportion of hypertension is different from the HHS target value? Justify!

QUESTION

Subject A consumed ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) and subject B consumed bicarbonate (NaHCO₃).

a) Using a flow chart of the negative feedback loops involved, (for subject A) explain the implications of ingesting ammonium chloride on the human body.

Include the initial changes in the pH and bicarbonate (HCO₃^-) of the plasma and the response of the kidney to these changes in terms of increases or decreases of:

• reabsorption of HCO₃^-
• regeneration of HCO₃^-
• excretion of HCO₃^-
• excretion of buffer-bound H⁺
• pH of the urine  

b) repeat part (a) for subject B

Thank you! :)