1. Determine whether the following arguments are valid. Explain your answer.
   1. If it is hot outside, I will not go to play.
      If I play, I will not study.
      If I study, I will do good in the exam.
      I did good in the exam.
      Therefore, it is hot outside.
      

2. If I can run faster than air plane or I can kill a lion then I am a super human.
   If I am a super human then I am very careful about my diet.
   I am careless about my diet.
   Therefore, I cannot kill a lion.

2. How many times the “hello world” will be printed in the following algorithm if n =100:  

int Function(int n)
{
      for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)

      {

                  for(int j = 0; j < n; j++)

                  {

                              for(int k = 0; k < n; k++)

                              {

Print(“hello world”);

}

}

}

}

DETOMEHR Inc has a structure that aligns its people and resources first to Human Resources and then to its Consulting Platform. The company has placed a lot of effort into the design of their organization based on the belief that the design has a great impact on the organization's functioning and efficiency. It has three core services: Analytics, Engineering and Defense Services. There is one unique fact about the three core services. While Analytics (brings in $50M) and Engineering ($75M) placements are conducted with Human Resources taking the lead in qualifications and employee capability assessments, Defense Services ($150M) are 100% controlled by 3 of the 23 partners in the company.

17. Where do you think problems can develop in the organization under such an organization structure?

18. What are the advantages of such a structure?

19. What do you think one of a few problems the CEO of DETOMEHR Inc will have to confront as he/she manages the company.

The energy of an electrostatic interaction between two charged atoms is dependent on the charges on the atoms, the distance between them, and the dielectric constant of the solvent. For example, the strength of a weak acid (Ka, acid dissociation constant) depends on the strength of the electrostatic interaction between a negatively charged carboxylic acid group and a proton. The solvent dielectric constant has a large influence on the pKa for weak acids. Select the statements that correctly explain the influence of two solvents, water and hexane, on the pKa of acetic acid.

In water, the association of CH3COO– and H will be favored because charge-charge interactions are stronger in water.

Nonpolar solvents like hexane will weaken charge-charge interactions resulting in more dissociation of H .

The pKa will be higher in hexane.

Hexane cannot affect the pKa of acetic acid since hexane cannot donate or accept H .

More H will dissociate in water because the dielectric constant is higher.

QUESTION 13

1. The movement of water across the cell membrane

   		is determined by the concentration of water on either side of the membrane.
   		is determined by the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane.
   		may cause the cell to shrink or swell and even burst.
   		All statements are true.

1.2 points   

QUESTION 14

1. What are the main components of a cell membrane?

   		carbohydrates and proteins
   		phospholipids and proteins
   		nucleic acids and carbohydrates
   		carbohydrates and phospholipids

1.2 points   

QUESTION 15

1. Which of the following best describe the process of diffusion?

   		the movement of materials up the concentration directly through the cell membrane
   		the movement of materials down the concentration gradient assisted by proteins and powered by ATP
   		the movement of materials down the concentration gradient either directly through the membrane or though protein channels in the membrane
   		the movement of materials up the concentration gradient driven by kinetic energy i.e. the random movement of molecules

1. Which of these is used for locomotion in an aquatic environment?

Which of these represents an acidic pH value?

Microbial growth is determined by an increase in the number of ____________.

A pH value is the -log₁₀ concentration value of _______.

A glycocalyx ____________.

What is an autoclave used for?

In a protein, ________________ structure involves multiple polypeptide chains.

Sugars and starches are ___________.

Polyprotic acids contain more than one dissociable proton. Each dissociation step has its own acid-dissociation constant, Ka1, Ka2, etc. For example, a diprotic acid H2A reacts as follows: H2A(aq)+H2O(l)⇌H3O+(aq)+HA−(aq) Ka1=[H3O+][HA−][H2A] HA−(aq)+H2O(l)⇌H3O+(aq)+A2−(aq) Ka2=[H3O+][A2−][HA−] In general, Ka2 = [A2−] for a solution of a weak diprotic acid because [H3O+]≈[HA−].

Many household cleaning products contain oxalic acid, H2C2O4, a diprotic acid with the following dissociation constants: Ka1=5.9×10−2, Ka2=6.4×10−5. Part A Calculate the equilibrium concentration of H3O+ in a 0.20 M solution of oxalic acid. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

1) What characteristics of a compound lead to solubility in water? Name as many as you can and explain them.
2) What characteristics of a compound lead to insolubility in water? Name as many as you can and explain them.
3) Are ionic compounds (anions or carboxylic acids or ammonium salts of amines) more or less soluble in water that the corresponding neutral compound? Explain.
4) Some of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry are alkane (actually a lack of other functional groups), alcohol, phenol, ether, amine, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, and amide. Draw a simple example of each of these and show how it hydrogen bonds with water. If it can't hydrogen bond, so state.
5) Which of the functional groups listed in Question 4 is an acid in water (i.e., would be more soluble in base)? Which of them can be a base (i.e., would be more soluble in acid)?

Dissociation constants of acids:

HOAc Ka=1.78x10^-5

H2SO4 Ka1=1x10⁷ Ka2=1.0x10^-2

HCNO Ka=2x10^-4

H2CO3 Ka1=4.3x10^-7 Ka2=5.6x10^-11

H2O Ka=1.0x10^-14

HIO Ka=2.3x10^-11

HIO3 Ka = 1.7x10^-4

HNO2 Ka=4.5x10^-4

HF Ka = 3.5x10^-4

H2C2O4 Ka1 = 6.0x10^-2 Ka2 = 6.1x10^-5

Dissociation constants of bases:

NH3 Kb=1.76x10^^-5

CH3NH2 Kb=4.4x10^-4

NH2OH Kb=1.1x10^-8

I titrate 50.00 mL of a 0.100 M CH3NH2 solution with 0.075 M HCl.

A) What is the initial pH of the solution?

B) What is the pH after the addition of 10.00 mL of the HCl?

C) What is the pH at the equivalence point?

D) What is the pH 10.00 mL past the equivalence point?

1. Which plant group(s) require water for fertilization?

   		nonvascular only
   		seedless vascular only
   		nonvascular and seedless vascular
   		all plants require water for successful fertilization

1 points   

QUESTION 79

1. The shared, derived traits of all seed plants include all of the following except:

   		ovules
   		reduced gametophytes
   		seeds
   		flowers
   		pollen

1 points   

QUESTION 80

1. Which of the following is a trait shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but not by viruses?

   		nucleic acids used to store hereditary information
   		the capacity to evolve
   		the ability to process energy through metabolic reactions
   		complex and ordered arrangements of macromolecules

1 points   

QUESTION 81

1. A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

   		temperature change
   		change in water velocity
   		change in oxygen content of the water
   		change in salinity