Part I and Part II are independent. Please answer both parts.

Part I: During a year of operation, a firm collects $450,000 in revenue and spends $100,000 on labor expense, raw materials, rent and utilities. The firm’s owner has provided $750,000 of her own money instead of investing the money and earning a 10 percent annual rate of return.

1A. The accounting costs of the firm are

1B. The opportunity cost is

1C. Total economic costs are

1D. Accounting profits are

1E. Economic profits are  

The answers I have for these are:

1A. The accounting costs of the firm are                                                      $100,000

The accounting costs of the firm, or the explicit costs were

expressed in the question as $100,000.                          

1B. The opportunity cost is                                                                        $75,000

The opportunity cost, or implicit cost is calculated as the owner’s

own money*the rate of return (both expressed in the question).

$750,000*.10=$75,000

1C. Total economic costs are                                                                     $175,000

The total economic cost is calculated as the implicit cost (1B)

+ the explicit cost (1A).

$75,000+$100,000=$175,000

1D. Accounting profits are                                                                         $350,000

Accounting profits are calculated as the revenue

(from the question)-explicit cost (1A).

$450,000-$100,000=$350,000

1E. Economic profits are                                                                           $275,000

Economic profits are calculated as revenue

(from the question)-economic cost (1C).

$450,000-$175,000=$275,000

Part II: Higher personal taxes in the U.S. will affect personal disposable income which in turn will affect the domestic demand for goods and services. Costs of production and inputs however continue declining. What do you expect the U.S. output and prices in the near future. Assume we are moving from the old equilibrium to a new equilibrium. Please state clearly your assumptions and include a graph to support your answer.

1. A marketing research team at Optimum Nutrition is interested in knowing the proportion of Americans who exercise at least three times a week. They send out a survey asking "Do you exercise more than 3 times a week?" to over 5,000 random Americans.

Given the following scenario, is this problem a One Mean, One Proportion, Two Independent Means, or Paired Means?

Group of answer choices

a. One Mean

b. Two Independent Means

c. Paired Means

d. One Proportion

2. On average, how much is the difference in calories burned between regular and standing desks? The amount of calories that 8 employees burned was recorded by using a regular desk for a day, and then with using a standing desk. The data is recorded in the table below. Compute a 95% confidence interval for the population mean difference. (dif = standing - regular)

Group of answer choices

a. (-6.91, 10.66)

b. (-10.66, -6.91)

c. (-10.66, 6.91)

d. (6.91, 10.66)

3. A movie theater wanted to see if they could increase attendance by offering a free digital copy of a movie with ticket purchase. They randomly picked 10 different theaters to test the new program at and tested each of these theaters on two random days, once with the program and once without. The resulting attendance that was recorded is shown in the table below. Find dbar and s_d using (with-without).

Group of answer choices

a. dbar= 1.9 sd= 6.08

b. dbar= -1.9 sd= -1.14

c. dbar= 1.9 sd= -1.14

d. dbar= -1.9 sd= -6.08

1. Ingrim Corporation uses Weighted Average in its process costing system. The following data concern the company’s Processing Department for the month of May:

Required:
a. Determine the equivalent units of production for materials and conversion
b. Determine the cost per equivalent unit for materials and conversion costs (consider two decimals ) .
c. Determine the total cost of completed & transferred out units and total cost of work in process ending .

The following unadjusted trial balance is for Montana Construction Company as of year-end for the December 31, 20x7 fiscal year. The December 31, 20x6 credit balance of the stockholders’ equity account is $46,900, and the stockholders invested $40,000 cash in the company during 20x7.

NO.      Account Title                          Debit               Credit

101      Cash                                         $7,000

126      Supplies                                   $16,000

128      Pre-paid insurance                   $12,600

167      Equipment                               $200,000

168      Accumulated depreciation – equipment $14,000

201      Accounts payable $6,800

251      Long-term notes payable $30,000

301      Stockholders’ equity $86,900

302      Dividends                                 $12,000

401      Demolition fees earned $187,000

623      Wage expense $41,400

633      Interest expense                     $3,300

640     Rent expense                          $13,200

683     Property tax expense               $9,700

684      Repairs expense                      $4,700

690     Utilities expense                      $4,800

TOTALS $324,700         $324,700

Instructions:

a) Journalize the following adjusting entries as of fiscal year-end December 31, 20x7.

b) Using the worksheet, post the adjusting entries using the adjustments column and prepare the adjusted trial balance.

c) Create financial statements. Namely, i) the income statement, ii) statement of stockholders’ equity, and iii) the balance sheet for 20x7.

Adjustments needed:

The supplies available at the end of fiscal 20x7 year are at a cost of $7,900.

The cost of expired insurance for the fiscal year is $10,600.

Annual depreciation on equipment is $7,000; no other depreciation adjustment was made in 20x7.

The December utilities expense of $800 is not included in the adjusted trial balance because the bill arrived after the trial balance was prepared. The $800 amount owed needs to be recorded.

The company's employees have earned $2000 in accrued wages for the fiscal year.

The rent expense not yet paid or recorded in the fiscal year is $3000.

Additional property taxes of $550 have been assessed for the fiscal year, but have not yet been paid or recorded in the accounts.

The $300 accrued interest for December has not yet been paid and reported.

On January 2, 2019, TI enters into a contract with Drewry Corp. to build a new piece of equipment. The contract price is $3,200,000, and construction is expected to take 18 months. Drewry is billed and pays $1,600,000 of the contract price on January 2, 2019, and will pay the balance at completion.

TI estimates that the cost of construction will be $2,300,000.

Drewry includes two performance bonuses in the contact:

The bonuses are payable when a U.S. patent is approved and when international distribution is approved.

On the date the contract is signed, TI estimates that there is an 80% chance it will receive U.S. patent protection by March 15, 2020, but only a 30% chance that the equipment will be approved for international distribution.

TI received a U.S. patent on the equipment design on November 15, 2019, and immediately billed Drewry and received its bonus payment. On December 31, 2019, TI has incurred $1,840,000 of contract costs and is 80% complete. TI won approval for international distribution on January 15, 2020, and completed the equipment project on April 15, 2020, at a cost of $2,300,000.

Required:

General Journal Instructions

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GENERAL JOURNAL

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Question 3 Part A XYZ Windows Ltd is involved in a research and development project to create a filtering window that removes the need for curtains. For the current year ended 30 June 2020 expenditure on the project is as follows: Research $235,000 Development $500,000 The window is expected to return profits of $70,000 per year for the 10 years commencing 1 July 2020. Assuming the company uses a straight-line method amortisation. This company uses a discount rate of 8 per cent. Required: i) How much research and development cost should be expensed in the year to 30 June 2020? ii) How much development expenditure should be amortised in the year to 30 June 2021?

Part B An assistant of yours has encountered the following matter during the preparation of the draft financial statements of XYZ Ltd for the year ending 30 June 2020. He /She has given an explanation of his/her treatment of the item. “XYZ Ltd management spent $200,000 sending its staff on training courses during the year. This has already led to an improvement in the company’s efficiency and resulted in cost savings. The organiser of the course has stated that the benefits from the training should last for a minimum of four years. The assistant has therefore treated the cost of the training as an intangible asset and charged six months’ amortisation based on the average date during the year on which the training courses were completed.” Required: Comment on the assistant’s treatment of them in the financial statement for the year ended 30 June 2020 and advise him how they should be treated under AASB 138 Intangible Assets.

Part C If an organisation is constructing a building, and that building will take a number of years to complete, can the organisation recognise revenue throughout the contract, or does the construction-based organisation have to wait until project completion before it recognises the revenue associated with the construction contract? Discuss this statement in accordance to AASB 15.

The computation and interpretation of the degree of financial leverage (DFL)

It is December 31. Last year, Torres Industries had sales of $160,000,000, and it forecasts that next year’s sales will be $152,000,000. Its fixed costs have been—and are expected to continue to be—$64,000,000, and its variable cost ratio is 1.00%. Torres’s capital structure consists of a $15 million bank loan, on which it pays an interest rate of 8%, and 750,000 shares of common equity. The company’s profits are taxed at a marginal rate of 40%. Given this data, complete the following sentences:

Note: For these computations, round each EPS to two decimal places.

The following are the two principal equations that can be used to calculate a firm’s DFL value:

DFL (at EBIT = $X)=Percentage Change in EPSPercentage Change in EBITDFL (at EBIT = $X)=Percentage Change in EPSPercentage Change in EBIT

DFL (at EBIT = $X)=EBITEBIT−Interest−Preferred Dividends(1 – Tax Rate)DFL (at EBIT = $X)=EBITEBIT−Interest−Preferred Dividends(1 – Tax Rate)

Consider the following statement about DFL, and indicate whether or not it is correct.

All other factors remaining constant, the larger the proportion of common equity used by the firm in its capital structure, the smaller the firm’s DFL.

False

True

A publisher reports that 29% of their readers own a particular make of car. A marketing executive wants to test the claim that the percentage is actually different from the reported percentage. A random sample of 250 found that 26% of the readers owned a particular make of car. Is there sufficient evidence at the 0.01 level to support the executive's claim?

John Rigas (founder and CEO of Adelphia Communications Corporation) was an extraordinary man. Throughout his professional career, he was honored for his entrepreneurial achievements and his humanitarian service. Among other awards, he received three honorable doctorate degrees from distinguished universities, was named Entrepreneur of the Year by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (his college alma mater) and was inducted into the Cable Television Hall of Fame by Broadcasting and Cable magazine. He worked hard to acquire wealth and status. But a $2.3 billion financial fraud eventually cost Rigas everything. Rigas and his company, Adelphia Communications, started out small. With $72,000 of borrowed money, he began his business career in 1950 by purchasing a movie theater in Coudersport, Pennsylvania. Two years later, he overdrew his bank account to buy the town cable franchise with $300 of his own money. Through risky debt-financing, Rigas continued to acquire assets until, in 1972, he and his brother created Adelphia Communications Corporation. The company grew quickly, eventually becoming the sixth largest cable company in the world with over 5.6 million subscribers. From its inception, Adelphia had always been a family business, owned and operated by the Rigas clan. During the 1990s, the company was run by John Rigas, his three sons, and his son-in-law. Altogether, members of the Rigas family occupied a majority five of the nine seats on Adelphia’s board of directors and held the following positions: John Rigas, CEO and chairman of the board (father); Tim Rigas, CFO and board member (son); Michael Rigas, executive vice president and board member (son); James Rigas, executive vice president and board member (son); Peter Venetis, board member (son-in-law). This family dominance in the company was maintained through stock voting manipulation. The company issued two types of stock: Class A stock, which held one vote each, and Class B stock, which held 10 votes each. When shares of stock were issued, however, the Rigas family kept all Class B shares to themselves, giving them a majority ruling when company voting occurred. With a majority presence on the board of directors and an effectual influence among voting shareholders, the Rigas family was able to control virtually every financial decision made by the company. However, exclusive power led to corruption and fraud. The family established a cash management system, an enormous account of commingled revenues from Adelphia, other Rigas entities, and loan proceeds. Although funds from this account were used throughout all the separate entities, none of their financial statements were ever consolidated. The family members began to dip into the cash management account, using these funds to finance their extravagant lifestyle and to hide their crimes. The company paid $4 million to buy personal shares of Adelphia stock for the family. It paid for Tim Rigas’s $700,000 membership at the Golf Club at Briar’s Creek in South Carolina. With company funds, the family bought three private jets, maintained several vacation homes (in Cancun, Beaver Creek, Hilton Head, and Manhattan), and began construction of a private world-class golf course. In addition, Adelphia financed, with $3 million, the production of Ellen Rigas’s (John Rigas’s daughter) movie Song Catcher. John Rigas was honored for his large charitable contributions. But these contributions also likely came from company proceeds. In the end, the family had racked up approximately $2.3 billion in fraudulent off-balance-sheet loans. The company manipulated its financial statements to conceal the amount of debt it was accumulating. False transactions and phony companies were created to inflate Adelphia’s earnings and to hide its debt. When the family fraud was eventually caught, it resulted in an SEC investigation, a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing, and multiple indictments and heavy sentences. The perpetrators (namely, John Rigas and his sons) were charged with the following counts: Violation of the RICO Act Breach of fiduciary duties Waste of corporate assets Abuse of control Breach of contract Unjust enrichment Fraudulent conveyance Conversion of corporate assets Until he was convicted of serious fraud, everybody loved John Rigas. He was trusted and respected in the small town of Coudersport and famous for his charitable contributions and ability to make friends. He had become a role model for others to follow. With a movie theater and a $300 cable tower, he had built one of the biggest empires in the history of cable television. From small beginnings, he became a multimillion-dollar family man who stressed good American values. But his goodness only masked the real John Rigas, and in the end, it was his greed and deceit that ultimately cost him and his family everything.

Questions

4.) Based on the facts of the case, do you think this case has led to civil litigation, criminal prosecution, or both? Explain your answer. 5.) Suppose you were an expert witness in this case. What would be some of the facts to which you would pay special attention?