Questions
Socrates believed that human beings have a non-material dimension to them ( the human psyche), which...

Socrates believed that human beings have a non-material dimension to them ( the human psyche), which gives them the ability to escsape the limits of human emotion and social programming, and gives them the power to catch at least a “glimpse” of THE TRUTH. Socrates makes no “argument” that the psyche (often translated as “the soul”) exists. Later on, his most famous student, Plato, will attempt to do this. But Socrates tends to merely “assume” the existence of the human psyche. Is he on the right track by linking so many of his ideas. Including the defense of his actions that he offers at his trial, to the idea that human being have a psyche or soul?

Did Socrates succeed in showing that human beings have a non-material dimension to them (the human psyche), which gives them the ability to escape the limits of human emotion. and social programming, and gives them the power to catch at least a glimpse of THE TRUTH?

In: Psychology

1. Which of the following statements are true regarding muscle glycogen. There are multiple correct answers....

1. Which of the following statements are true regarding muscle glycogen.

There are multiple correct answers.

If exercise is not to be repeated within 12 hours, then glycogen restoration does not have to be immediately following exercise
The most rapid repletion of glycogen following exercise occurs in the first few hours post exercise.
Consuming some protein along with carbohydrate during immediate recovery from exercise is beneficial.
Higher glycemic index foods enhance glycogen restoration following exercise
It is best to always consume all recovery carbohydrate and protein within 15-30 minutes following exercise

Low carbohydrate diets decrease ones ability to recover from exercise.

2. Choose all statements that are correct and apply to rehydration following exercise

For each pound lost during exercise consume 2 cups of fluid
Choose fluids that help with glycogen restoration, rehydration and electrolyte replacement
For each pound lost during exercise consume 3 cups of fluid
Choose fluids that are low in sugar and sodium, goals listed in Dietary Guidelines.

3. Long term fasting causes which of the following (choose all that apply)?

Increased use of amino acids to make glucose
Inability to burn fat through aerobic metabolism
decreased muscle protein breakdown
Increased production of ketones as an alternative fuel supply
increase in glycerol used to make glucose

Increased use of glycogen for glucose

4. Which of the ergogenic aids discussed in the page 582-584 Nutrition Myth or Fact Section are: Safe, Effective (in some sports or training protocols) and are also legal/ permissible for use in non-professional sports (aka: sport performance) when used according to evidence -based dosing protocols.

Chromium
Androstenedione
Carnitine
Creatine
Caffeine
Ribose
Anabolic steroids
Beta-alanine
Gamma-hydroxybutric acid

In: Chemistry

The MR test is used to determine which of the following? Mixed acid fermentation Indole Acetoine...

  1. The MR test is used to determine which of the following?
    • Mixed acid fermentation
    • Indole
    • Acetoine
    • Sulfur reduction
  2. Select the tests that are part of the IMViC series
    • SIMs test
    • Phenol Red Broth
    • Citrate test
    • Urease test
    • MRVP
  3. Which of the following can be determined using a SIMs test?
    • Fermentation of glucose
    • Sulfur reduction
    • Motility
    • Indole production
    • Mixed acid fermentation
  4. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for indole production in the SIMs test?
    • Tryptophanase
    • Thiosulfate reductase
    • Citrate permease
    • Cystein desulfurase
  5. The Vogues Proskauer test (VP test) detects the presence of products from the ________ pathway used by bacteria to convert pyruvate into 2,3 butanediol and acetoine.
    • Glycolytic
    • butylene glycol
    • tricarboxylic acid
    • fermentation
  6. In order for an organism to give a positive result in an MR test, it must produce enough acid from fermentation to overcome a phosphate buffer.
    • True
    • False
  7. The MRVP tests are inoculated as two separate broths.
    • True
    • False
  8. Which of the following would be considered a positive result for an MR test and a negative result for the VP test?
    • No color change after addition of methyl red and a color change to red after addition of VPa and VPb
    • Color change to yellow after addition of methyl red and color change to copper after addition of VPa and VPb
    • Color change to yellow after addition of methyl red and color change to red after addition of VPa and VPb
    • Color change to red after addition of methyl red and no color change after addition of VPa and VPb reagents
  9. What is the pH indicator in the citrate test?
    • Neutral red
    • Litmus
    • Bromothymol blue
    • Phenol red
  10. The nitrogen source in citrate media is ________.
    • amino acids
    • sodium nitrate
    • ammonium phosphate
    • potassium nitrate
  11. An organism capable of producing citrate permease (citrase) will cause the Simmons citrate media to turn ________.
    • Yellow
    • Red
    • Blue
    • Green

In: Biology

"The most widely used stain in microbiology is the Gram stain. Based on differences in the...

"The most widely used stain in microbiology is the Gram stain. Based on differences in the structure of the bacterial cell wall, the Gram stain divides bacteria into two major groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Gram-positive cells have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, a polymer made of amino acids and sugars, in the cell wall. Crystal violet binds to peptidoglycan, rendering the cell purple. Gram-negative cells also have peptidoglycan and initially also stain purple. Since the peptidoglycan layer is much thinner, the crystal violet staining is washed out when the cells are exposed to ethanol. They are then stained by the pink counterstain, commonly safranin or fuchsine. Gram-positive cells also take up safranin, but because of the dark purple staining of the cell wall, the lighter pink color can not be observed. The Gram stain is typically the first step in the identification of unknown bacteria. Peptidoglycan is the target of a class of antibiotics called B-lactam antibiotics. While the peptidoglycan layer is thinner in Gram-negative bacteria, these organisms are less susceptible to B-lactam antibiotics as they have an outer membrane, an additional lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell wall. Gram-positive bacteria have a single lipid bilayer inside the cell wall. Like with all staining methods described here, the basic shape and morphology of the bacterium can also be observed in Gram-stained samples."

The passage above states:  "Gram-positive cells also take up safranin, but because of the dark purple staining of the cell wall, the lighter pink color can not be observed.

but if we can not observe the light pink in gram-positive bacteria how then do we determine if it is gram-positive? can someone please explain what the passage is trying to say. it is confusing.

In: Biology

learn more about how and when these molecules fuel your muscles, click on the image thumbnail...

learn more about how and when these molecules fuel your muscles, click on the image thumbnail to see a larger version of this focus figure. Then, complete the activities that follow.

Part A - The Vocabulary of Exercise Nutrition

In order to understand how the food you eat helps to fuel your body during exercise, you must first be able to use the vocabulary. Review the sentences below and select the term that best completes the sentence.

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.

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anaerobic

carbohydrate loading

ATP

carbohydrates

aerobic

amino acids

fat

muscle glycogen

CP

1. Cardiorespiratory exercise, also known as   exercise, uses oxygen and typically involves using large muscle groups during continuous activities.

2. Your body produces energy under   conditions during the first few seconds of intense exercise.

3. When the end phosphate is hydrolyzed from an   molecule, ADP is formed, and energy is released.

4.   is stored in the muscles and is broken down to replenish ATP stores.

5. When participating in low-intensity activities over a long period of time, the body primarily uses   for energy.

6. A small amount of   can be utilized for energy production during endurance events, but their primary role is to promote muscle growth and help with repair.

7. Your body burns   for energy during every type of exercise that lasts longer than three seconds. Intensity and duration of exercise will affect the percentage of energy that is derived from this source.

8. Endurance athletes may use a training strategy known as   to maximize their body's glycogen stores.

9. The body's preferred carbohydrate source for energy during very high intensity exercise is  .

In: Nursing

Which is the mRNA complement of the DNA sequence 5’ ACGGTCGGAT 3’ 5’ ACGGTCGGAT 3’ 5’...

  1. Which is the mRNA complement of the DNA sequence 5’ ACGGTCGGAT 3’
  1. 5’ ACGGTCGGAT 3’
  2. 5’ AUCCGACCGU 3’
  3. 5’ TGCCAGCCTA 3’
  4. 5’ UGCCAGCCUA 3’

  1. Answer question a in the first row (with a number).

For statements b-k, enter an X to indicate if it is associated with DNA replication, transcription or translation. A statement may apply to more than one.

DNA Replication

Transcription

Translation

  1. Number of template DNA strands?

________

________

N/A

  1. Uses DNA polymerase
  1. Uses RNA polymerase
  1. Requires ribosomes
  1. Uses DNA as template
  1. Uses RNA as template
  1. Forms chain of nucleotides
  1. Forms chains of amino acids
  1. Completes entire chromosome at a time
  1. Completes one gene at a time
  1. Requires tRNA is used
  1. The start codon to begin translation is 5’ AUG 3’. Which of the following is the complementary DNA sequence on the template strand?
  1. 3’ AUG 5’
  2. 3’ TAC 5’
  3. 5’ AUG 3’
  4. 5’ ATG 3’
  5. 5’ TAC 3’

  1. Examine this segment of double stranded DNA. Which is the template strand for transcription?

Strand 1: 5’ A T C T C C T G C C C C T C A T A A 3’

Strand 2: 3’ T A G A G G A C G G G G A G T A T T 5’

  1. What molecule is produced through the process of transcription?

6. What molecule is produced through the process of translation?

7,Translate the following mRNA strand using the codon chart below:

mRNA:           5’ C C A U G U C C C A A C G U C C C G G A A A C U A A 3’

peptide:

In: Biology

fatty acids with an odd number of carbons are modified by carboxylation of propionyl CoA to...

fatty acids with an odd number of carbons are modified by carboxylation of propionyl CoA to ultimately generate the 4 carbon TCA intermediate_____ a. citric acid b. succinyl CoA c. Fumaric acid d. oxalic acid CoA e. Acetyl CoA

In: Chemistry

Summarize the current fat intake recommendations. Include recommendations for total fat, saturated fat, trans-fat, essential fatty...

Summarize the current fat intake recommendations. Include recommendations for total fat, saturated fat, trans-fat, essential fatty acids, and omega-3. How does the percent of calories as fat in the North American diet compare with these health-promotion recommendations?

In: Biology

Distinguish between the roles Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids play in the body. Discuss...

Distinguish between the roles Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids play in the body. Discuss why it is recommended that Americans should increase their Omega 3 intakes. Do you feel that taking an omega 3 supplement is beneficial? Why or why not?

In: Nursing

Both polypeptides (proteins) and polynucleotides (RNA and DNA) are characterized by their primary structure. Briefly define...

Both polypeptides (proteins) and polynucleotides (RNA and DNA) are characterized by their primary structure. Briefly define that term with reference to each type of biomolecule. Then, briefly describe the connection between the two - that is, how the primary structure of nucleic acids translates to the primary structure of a protein.

In: Biology