Computational Intelligence Methods

ii) Describe the process that has been followed to implement a Multi-layer Perceptron for handwritten digit recognition as presented in the lecture (the code is included in the accompanying Jupyter Notebook ipynb file). Experiment by changing the network's architecture (number of neurons in hidden layer and number of hidden layers) and comment on how the accuracy of the network is affected by these changes.

Please answer this question by typing. The answer should be one page A4.

1. Reynolds experiment is used to study flow behavior of fluids by slowly and steadily injecting dye into a pipe. The state of fluid flow will be determined and compared with the results from the calculation of the Reynolds number.
   1. Discuss observations made in the Reynolds number.
   2. Analyze various factors which effect the flow of fluids.

Propose a research study on the effects of warming climate and resulting advancing treeline. Assume that your hypothesis is that a bird's growth and reproduction will be negatively affected by the advancing treeline. The bird resides in one forest and flies at high elevations. What is an experiment that could take place? List the research design and methods. What are the materials, replicates for treatments, sampling and measurement procedures?

Drug money extract in the 5.0 mL methanol containing cocaine gave a signal of 4.27 mV in a GC-FID experiment. Then 500 L of 20.0 ppm cocaine were added to the 5.0 mL methanolic extract. This spiked solution sample gave a signal of 7.98 mV. Find the concentration of cocaine in the original extract, in ppm, in mol/L, in g.

1) In each scenario below, specify each variable as a response variable, an explanatory variable, or neither.

a. A researcher collects measurements of VO2 max and resting heart rate on a group of
subjects to study the relationship between these two variables.

b. A real estate agent wants to be able to predict selling prices of houses in Vancouver. He
collects data on 100 recently sold houses, recording their selling prices, size, age, number
of bedrooms, and whether they had a suite.

c. A physicist is investigating particle decay rates. She conducts a series of experiments,
recording in each the number of remaining particles at each time point.

2) I don’t like eating over-ripe bananas, and am interested in understanding the
factors that influence the ripening time of bananas after I bring them home from the store
(which I define as the time until a brown spot appears). I decide to conduct an experiment.
Every Sunday for 8 weeks, I buy a bunch of 6 green/yellow bananas, and record the time
until the first brown spot appears on each banana (so that I end up with 48 measurements on
ripening time). Each week, I try a different combination of methods of storing the bananas
(“treatment”): in a dark cupboard or in the light, with or without an ethylene absorber, and
close to or far away from other produce (fruits and vegetables). The details of my storage
plans are as follows in the below table:

(Week) (Dark/Light) (Ethylene Absorber?) (Close to Other Produce?)
1 Dark Yes Yes
2 Dark Yes No
3 Dark No Yes
4 Dark No No
5 Light Yes Yes
6 Light Yes No
7 Light No Yes
8 Light No No

a. What are the factors in this experiment, and what are the corresponding levels?

b. What are the individuals in this experiment?

c. Is this a randomized controlled experiment? Explain.

d. I find that the bananas that I stored in the dark with an ethylene absorber away from other
produce had a longer ripening time than the bananas in other bunches. Would you suspect
that this storage method causes longer ripening time, or that a confounding factor was at
play? Explain and, if the latter, provide a plausible example of such a factor.

e. Suggest an improvement to my experimental design (other than increasing my sample
size).

1. A poultry company undertook an experiment to determine the effect of certain treatments on chicken growth. A sample of 24 young chicks were given one of three possible treatments to aid their growth. In order of cost from least to most costly, the three treatments were as follows: a cheap food; an expensive food; the expensive food plus an injection of a growth serum. After a fixed period of time, the application of the treatments was halted and the chickens were weighed. The response was their increase in weight (in pounds) over the time period of the experiment. Because of space considerations, the experiment had to be carried out in four different laboratories. These laboratories were randomly selected and labeled as “North”, “South”, “East” and “West”. Each laboratory employed a different technician to carry out the experiment. Six chickens were assigned to each laboratory, and the three treatments were randomly assigned to the chickens within each laboratory (two chickens having each treatment within each laboratory). In your mini-report, explain why it makes sense to design and analyze this as a block design. Using the sample data, formally test whether it turned out to be sensible to use blocks, providing numerical justification (test statistic and P-value) for your conclusion. Also formally assess the main research question of interest: whether the three treatments yield significantly
different mean growth, again providing numerical justification (test statistic and P-value) for your conclusion. If you find a difference across the treatments, investigate exactly which treatments differ significantly from each other. Provide recommendations to the poultry company about their best practices based on your findings.

SAS code:

/* Problem 1 */

DATA one;
INPUT lab $ treatment :$12. growth;
cards;
East Cheap 4.62
East Cheap 4.93
East Expens 6.25
East Expens 5.97
East Expens_Serum 6.41
East Expens_Serum 6.54
West Cheap 5.36
West Cheap 5.49
West Expens 6.53
West Expens 6.62
West Expens_Serum 6.81
West Expens_Serum 6.63
North Cheap 4.65
North Cheap 5.32
North Expens 5.96
North Expens 6.12
North Expens_Serum 6.33
North Expens_Serum 6.44
South Cheap 5.76
South Cheap 6.32
South Expens 6.47
South Expens 6.68
South Expens_Serum 6.71
South Expens_Serum 6.78
;
run;

Question 9

One of the key early tests of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity was

the bending of the path of starlight and resulting apparent shift in the position of stars because of the Sun's mass.

sending a twin in a spaceship to the nearest star and back at a high Lorentz factor.

the Michelson-Morley experiment.

measuring the time dilation effect from gas falling into a black hole.

Question 10

According to General Relativity,

Group of answer choices

you can think of space as "flowing in" towards massive objects.

space-time has curvature.

time runs fastest far away from massive objects.

the path of light is bent when photons move through curved space.

All of these choices are correct.

None of these choices is correct.

Question 11

You are in a rocket ship deep in space and are about to pass a fellow traveler going the opposite direction at 99.9% the speed of light. You think her clock is _________ than yours and she thinks that your clock is __________ than hers.

faster; faster

faster; slower

slower; slower

slower; faster

Question 12

By observing a _____________ in 1919, astronomers were able to test the prediction that a massive object bends the path taken by light.

Group of answer choices

transit of the planet Mercury across the Sun

transit of the planet Venus across the Sun

supernova

total solar eclipse

total lunar eclipse

Question 13

The twin paradox is

a hypothetical experiment that demonstrates that special relativity is wrong

a hypothetical situation that seemingly presents a paradox but is actually resolved by a clearer understanding of the situation

a real experiment that demonstrates that special relativity is wrong

a real experiment that is consistent with the predictions made by special relativity

Question 14

Within special relativity, time dilation refers to ...

the slowing of the passage of time due to motion near the speed of light.

the speeding up of the passage of time due to motion near the speed of light.

the gradual slowing of the rotation of pulsars.

the Doppler shift of light.

Question 15

The alteration of our perception of space and time due to motion near the speed of light is described by

Group of answer choices

special relativity

general relativity

Newton's laws of motion

Galileo's law of inertia

Question 16

The curving of space by a massive object is described by which theory?

Group of answer choices

special relativity

general relativity

Newton's laws of motion

Galileo's law of inertia

A provider order is written for prochlorperazine (Compazine®) 7.5 mg IV q 4 hrs prn N/V. Prochlorperazine (Compazine®) is available in a prefilled syringe labeled 10 mg/2 mL. How many milliliters should be given?

What current trend in the sport or entertainment area do you think will fall into disfavor with the consumer population? What supports your argument, and what would you do to possibly reverse that downward trend?

Case Study V Tracking Industry Changes