1.A space force service member finds himself floating 100 m from the ship in a training exercise where the drill instructor threw him out of the ship at 1 m/s. He is equipped with a shotgun that is built to work in space. The slug has a mass of 30 grams. He knows from the D.I.s’ safety brief that conservation of momentum and Newton’s third law of motion states if he shoots in the opposite direction he wants to go, he will move in the opposite direction. If his mass including spacesuit is 150 Kg and he has a 3.5 kg shotgun (Including ammo), what is the minimum speed of the slug to get him back to the ship? [12 gauge Mossberg 500 muzzle velocity is around 470 m/s] Is this velocity the space force member needs reasonable?

2. One solution to “artificial gravity” is to have space force service members on the inside of a rotating drum spinning on its axis at a constant rate. In micro gravity the human body does not do well for long periods of time. Muscle atrophy, bone loss, cataract... If the diameter of the space station is 800 m, how many revolutions per minute are needed for the “artificial gravity” acceleration to be 9.80 m/s2? (b) If the space station is a waiting area for space force members going to Mars, it might be desirable to simulate the acceleration due to gravity on the Martian surface is 3.70 m/s2. How many revolutions per minute are needed in this case?

1. Question 1: A researcher wants to know whether supplements affect how long the undead can go without requiring human blood. To investigate this, she took one sample of vampires and one sample of zombies. Half the vampires and half the zombies received a placebo, while the other half of vampires and zombies received a supplement. She then recorded how many days the vampires and zombies could go without feeding. The goal of the study was to investigate three different things: whether there was an effect of supplement on number of days; whether there was an effect of type of undead (zombie or vampire) on number of days; and whether there was an interaction between the two factors. Conduct the appropriate ANOVA for these data using α = 0.05 and calculate partial − η² as a measure of effect size. Assume that all assumptions for the test are met. (See table below for sample data.)

Factor B: supplement

Clinical Trial

Between 2004 and 2007, the National Institutes of Health conducted a STEP vaccine clinical trial—Phase IIB "test-ofconcept" study.

The STEP study is the name of a clinical trial to test an experimental human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine. The STEP study enrolled 3,000 participants at sites in Australia, Brazil, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Peru, Puerto Rico, and the United States. The study was designed to test an HIV vaccine, which aimed to stimulate production of immune system T-cells that can kill HIV-infected cells.

Based on its first evaluation of vaccine efficacy, the findings showed there were 24 cases of HIV infection among the 741 volunteers who received at least one dose of the investigational vaccine compared with 21 cases of HIV infection among the 762 volunteers who were vaccinated with the placebo. In volunteers who received at least two vaccinations, there were 19 cases of HIV infection among the 672 volunteers who received the investigational vaccine and 11 instances of HIV infection among the 691 volunteers who received placebo. The study investigators of the vaccine trials have decided to cease immunizations and are contacting study volunteers to inform them of the developments.

Based on your research, understanding, and above information, answer the following questions:

Prior to beginning this study, how would you have described the risks and benefits of the study to participants?

What are the ethical issues surrounding this study at the beginning and when the decision was made to terminate the study?

Care in this capacity can range from a short-term to long-term based upon the changing needs of the patient. Patient age can range from pediatric to elderly. Care can be provided in the patient’s private home, group home, or assisted living setting. Medical homes fall into this category and are a new focus of Accountable Care Organizations through the Affordable Care Act of 2010.

Scenario

As the Director of Human Resources within a home care environment, you are responsible for the ad- ministration of the organization’s labor budgets. Your Director of Clinical Services, who has a MSN, has presented some challenges regarding the compensation of her staff.

This specific assisted nursing facility focuses on long-term care, providing approximately 500 nursing and support personnel who deliver direct and indirect care to approximately 225 patients representing various stages of acuity and need for nursing care. Your overall labor budget represents approximately 60% of expense revenue.

The Director of Clinical Service complains that several of her registered nurses are threatening to leave the organization, allegedly because a competitor nearby pays their nurses higher wages. In fact, Direc- tor of Clinical Service asks for an across-the-board immediate pay adjustment of an additional $5.00 an hour for the nurses. She is awaiting a response from you before the day is over.

After reading the Home Care scenario in the Allied Health Community, consider what types of effects might be seen throughout the organization if it were to administer the $5 raise. How would one justify which nurses receive it?

The Gilster Company, a machine tooling firm, has several plants. One plant, located in St. Falls, Minnesota, uses a job order costing system for its batch production processes. The St. Falls plant has two departments through which most jobs pass. Plantwide overhead, which includes the plant manager’s salary, accounting personnel, cafeteria, and human resources, is budgeted at $360,000. During the past year, actual plantwide overhead was $340,000. Each department’s overhead consists primarily of depreciation and other machine-related expenses. Selected budgeted and actual data from the St. Falls plant for the past year are as follows. Department A Department B Budgeted department overhead (excludes plantwide overhead) $ 100,000 $ 282,000 Actual department overhead 120,000 302,000 Expected total activity: Direct labor hours 38,000 20,000 Machine-hours 20,000 47,000 Actual activity: Direct labor hours 39,000 18,700 Machine-hours 20,800 49,000 For the coming year, the accountants at St. Falls are in the process of helping the sales force create bids for several jobs. Projected data pertaining only to job no. 110 are as follows. Direct materials $ 25,000 Direct labor cost: Department A (2,800 hr) 42,000 Department B (1,500 hr) 14,000 Machine-hours projected: Department A 170 Department B 1,200 Units produced 9,000 d. Using the allocation rates in part b, compute the under- or overapplied overhead for the St. Falls plant for the year. (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.)

High discount rates are considered problematic because …

Select one:

a. they render future environmental values insignificant

b. they result in an overestimation of future cost

c. they undervalue the interests of future generations

d. a and b

e. a and c

f. all of the above

Choice modelling is preferred over contingent valuation because:

Select one:

a. it potentially reduces the incentive for respondents to behave strategically.

b. it does not force respondents to consider trade-offs between attributes.

c. it makes the frame of reference explicit to respondents.

d. relative preference rankings are reliable and accurate.

e. a and c

f. b and d

g. all of above

Why is the use of cost benefit analysis increasingly supported and seen as a sound basis for political decision-making?

Select one:

a. growing environmental stakes

b. awareness of socio-ecological complexities

c. strong faith in social survey instruments

d. innate tendency by politicians to trust scientists

e. a and b

f. a, c and d

Flood attenuation services provided by mangroves are an indirect use value.

Select one:

a. True

b. False

Ecosystem commodification is …

Select one:

a. the "splitting" of an ecosystem or ecosystem service into legally-defined and tradable property rights to specific services or resources.

b. is a form of marketisation designed to counteract environmental degradation.

c. an approach to human affairs in which the "free market" is given priority and money-mediated relations are seen as the best way to deliver services.

d. all of the above.

firm’s legal department costs are significant, employing 70 lawyers. The firm’s main business focus is developing new drugs for human consumption. Upon developing a new product patents are required. Contracts must be created for each product between three customer divisions: private hospitals (50% of sales), public hospitals (35% of sales) and direct to doctors (15% of sales) to ensure proper recognition of revenues from each product. Also, the firm must be prepared to represent litigate future legal cases should a drug therapy have a lawsuit brought against it for harm to patients. This year two new drugs were developed.

Each lawyer earns $90,000 per year in total compensation.

35 lawyers work in the patent division. 25 work in the contract design division with 10 each supporting the two hospital divisions and 5 support the doctor direct sales. 10 work in the litigation department supporting equally all divisions.  

Additional legal costs to be accounted for:

Patent costs: $900,000 per new drug plus labor above allocated based on sales.

Costs to design contracts: $10,000 per private (350) & public hospital (150).                     $1,000 per doctor (1500) using new drugs.

Costs to litigate cases: Labor costs on a direct basis from above; plus $2,000,000                annually (based on 2000 customers noted in design above)

Based on above information allocate labor, development, design and litigation costs to the private, public and doctor divisions

Select one answer as the best response and explain your reason for the selection.

1. Generally speaking technological progress leads to higher output

1. purely because it raises the productivity of capital
2. purely because it raises the steady-state capital stock
3. because it raises both the productivity of capital and the steady state capital stock
4. purely because it increases the capital stock for a given production function
5. purely because it raises the output produced by a given capital stock

Explain your answer:

2. Increases in human capital

1. reduce the marginal product of labor
2. increase the marginal product of physical capital
3. are the by-product of technological innovations
4. shift the economy’s production function downward
5. are calculated as the difference between birth rates and death rates

Explain your answer:

3. Suppose that production at a firm occurs according to the following schedule.

Labor:    0     1     2     3     4     5     6

Output:   0     175 340 495 640 765 880

If the wage per unit of labor is $765 and the price of output is $5 per unit, then the optimal amount of labor to hire is

1. zero
2. at least one but less than two
3. between three and four
4. five
5. six or more

Explain your answer:

4. In most developed economies, unemployment insurance benefits

1. are nonexistent
2. paid for by insurance companies
3. initially replace 100% of lost wages
4. replace an increasing percentage of lost earnings as the duration of unemployment becomes prolonged
5. become less generous as the duration of unemployment is prolonged

Explain your answer:

1. CO₂ is accumulating in the atmosphere because: (You may select one or more answers)

a. The atmosphere is the largest pool of carbon

b. CO2 is not exchanged from the oceans to the atmosphere

c. Human activities

d. CH4 chemically reacts with NH3 in the atmosphere and is converted to CO2

e. NPP is higher than GPP in many ecosystems

2. Which of the following characteristics would be associated with a low R₀ for a virus? (Choose 1 answer from each pair of options)

a. 1 Small host population density

b. 1 Large host population density

c. 2 Favorable parasite environmental conditions

d. 2 Unfavorable parasite environmental conditions

e. 3 Favorable vector environmental conditions

f. 3 Unfavorable vector environmental conditions

g. 4 Many people in the host population have had the parasite in the past

h. 4 Few people in the population have had the parasite in the past

i. 5 The host population has an evolutionary history with a similar parasite

j. 5 The population does not have an evolutionary history with a similar parasite.

3. Rank the marine biomes from those with the lowest rates of net primary production to those with the highest

a. Group of answer choices

b. upwelling regions

c. high latitude waters     

d. subtropical gyres

e. continental shelf waters

f. Deep oceans

4. Rank the following from low to high based on the total contribution they make to the Earth’s average temperature?

a. Methane

b. Carbon Dioxide     

c. Nitrous Oxide

d. Water Vapor