Identify the kind of reasoning used in each of the following statements (Chapter 17). What weaknesses, if any, can you find in the reasoning of each? (No less than six sentences each discussion paragraph.)

5.   Over the years there has been much debate about the role of emotional appeal in public speaking. Do you believe it is ethical for public speakers to use emotional appeals when seeking to persuade an audience? Do you feel there are certain kinds of emotions to which an ethical speaker should not appeal? Why or why not? Be prepared to explain your ideas in class.

Describe in detail a Queueing Theory. Include in your discussion general examples of particular industries that might employ Queueing Theory and why? Finally, present a specific example showing in detail where Queueing Theory can be employed and show a stepwise solution using this theory.

Geo stats question:

2)Drivers wishing to turn left at a particular intersection arrive at an average rate of five per minute. (i) if the left-turn arrow is red for 30 seconds, and there is room in the left-turn lane for five cars, what is the probability that the capacity of the lane will be exceeded for a given cycle of the signal? (ii) Given that transportation planners and traffic engineers wish to reduce the probability to less then 0.05 by shortening the length of the red signal, how would you determine the maximal time the signal could remain red?

The age distribution of the Canadian population and the age distribution of a random sample of 455 residents in the Indian community of a village are shown below.

Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the age distribution of the general Canadian population fits the age distribution of the residents of Red Lake Village.

1 What is the level of significance?


2 State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are different.H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are the same.    H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are different.H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are the same.

3) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)


4 Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?

Yes No    

5 What sampling distribution will you use?

uniform

Student's t   

chi-square

binomial

normal

6 What are the degrees of freedom?


7 Estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.1000

.050 < P-value < 0.100   

0.025 < P-value < 0.0500

.010 < P-value < 0.0250

.005 < P-value < 0.010

P-value < 0.005

8 Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis that the population fits the specified distribution of categories?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.    

Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

9 Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.

At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.    

The age distribution of the Canadian population and the age distribution of a random sample of 455 residents in the Indian community of a village are shown below.

Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the age distribution of the general Canadian population fits the age distribution of the residents of Red Lake Village.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are different.

H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are the same.    

H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are the same.

H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are different.

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)


Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?

Yes

No    

What sampling distribution will you use?

chi-square

binomial    

Student'st uniform

normal

What are the degrees of freedom?


(c) Estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.100

0.050 < P-value < 0.100  

   0.025 < P-value < 0.050

0.010 < P-value < 0.025

0.005 < P-value < 0.010

P-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis that the population fits the specified distribution of categories?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.    

Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.

At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.    

The age distribution of the Canadian population and the age distribution of a random sample of 455 residents in the Indian community of a village are shown below.

Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the age distribution of the general Canadian population fits the age distribution of the residents of Red Lake Village.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are different.

H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are different.     

H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are the same.

H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are the same.

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)


Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?

Yes

No     

What sampling distribution will you use?

chi-square

uniform     

binomial

Student's t

normal

What are the degrees of freedom?


(c) Estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.100

0.050 < P-value < 0.100     

0.025 < P-value < 0.050

0.010 < P-value < 0.025

0.005 < P-value < 0.010

P-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis that the population fits the specified distribution of categories?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.     

Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.

At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.

The age distribution of the Canadian population and the age distribution of a random sample of 455 residents in the Indian community of a village are shown below.

Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the age distribution of the general Canadian population fits the age distribution of the residents of Red Lake Village.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are different. H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are different.     H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are the same. H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are the same.

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)


Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?

Yes No    

What sampling distribution will you use?

chi-square Student's t     uniform binomial normal

What are the degrees of freedom?


(c) Estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.100 0.050 < P-value < 0.100     0.025 < P-value < 0.050 0.010 < P-value < 0.025 0.005 < P-value < 0.010 P-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis that the population fits the specified distribution of categories?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.     Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis. Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population. At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.    

The age distribution of the Canadian population and the age distribution of a random sample of 455 residents in the Indian community of a village are shown below.

Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the age distribution of the general Canadian population fits the age distribution of the residents of Red Lake Village.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

a.) H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are the same.
b.) H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are the same.     
c.) H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are different.
d.) H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are different.

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)


Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?

Yes
No     

What sampling distribution will you use?

Student's t
binomial     
normal
uniform
chi-square

What are the degrees of freedom?


(c) Estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.100
0.050 < P-value < 0.100     
0.025 < P-value < 0.050
0.010 < P-value < 0.025
0.005 < P-value < 0.010
P-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis that the population fits the specified distribution of categories?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.     
Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.
Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.
At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.    

The age distribution of the Canadian population and the age distribution of a random sample of 455 residents in the Indian community of a village are shown below.

Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the age distribution of the general Canadian population fits the age distribution of the residents of Red Lake Village.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are the same.

H₀: The distributions are different.
H₁: The distributions are different.  

   H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are the same.

H₀: The distributions are the same.
H₁: The distributions are different.

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)


Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?

Yes

No     

What sampling distribution will you use?

binomial

normal     

chi-square

uniform

Student's t

What are the degrees of freedom?


(c) Estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.100

0.050 < P-value < 0.100    

0.025 < P-value < 0.050

0.010 < P-value < 0.025

0.005 < P-value < 0.010

P-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis that the population fits the specified distribution of categories?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis

.Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.     

Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.

At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.

The age distribution of the Canadian population and the age distribution of a random sample of 455 residents in the Indian community of a village are shown below. Age (years) Percent of Canadian Population Observed Number in the Village Under 5 7.2% 43 5 to 14 13.6% 84 15 to 64 67.1% 278 65 and older 12.1% 50 Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the age distribution of the general Canadian population fits the age distribution of the residents of Red Lake Village. (a) What is the level of significance? 0.05 State the null and alternate hypotheses. H0: The distributions are different. H1: The distributions are different. H0: The distributions are the same. H1: The distributions are different. H0: The distributions are different. H1: The distributions are the same. H0: The distributions are the same. H1: The distributions are the same. (b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to three decimal places.) Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5? Yes No What sampling distribution will you use? uniform normal Student's t binomial chi-square What are the degrees of freedom? (c) Estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic. P-value > 0.100 0.050 < P-value < 0.100 0.025 < P-value < 0.050 0.010 < P-value < 0.025 0.005 < P-value < 0.010 P-value < 0.005 (d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis that the population fits the specified distribution of categories? Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis. Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis. Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. (e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application. At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population. At the 5% level of significance, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that the village population does not fit the general Canadian population.