Write the dissociation reaction for the following acids in water. Use the appropriate arrow symbols. Label the acid, base , conjugate acid and conjugate base for each:

HCl(hydrochloic acid)

C6H6COOH (benzoic acid)

Bioinformatics #5

1. According to the KEGG pathway for oxidative phosphorylation, which of the following enzymes do not shuttle protons into the innermembrane space (IMS)?

1.3.5.1

1.3.5.1 and 3.6.3.6

1.6.5.3 and 1.10.2.2

3.6.3.3

2. According to the stoichiometry indicated on the KEGG pathway, ______ matrix protons are consumed and ______ transported to the IMS during the reaction catabolized by Complex I

6;4

4;6

2;6

2;4

3. According to the KEGG pathway and Chapter 15, Complex III transports ____ protons to the IMS per substrate molecule using __ of the Q cycle.

2; both cycles

2; only 1 cycle

4; both cycles

4; only 1 cycle

4. Which of the following statements best describes the oval-shaped arrows involving UQ and UQH2, which are located within the membrane in the colorful KEGG diagram?

The quinone pool remains tightly bound to the membrane surface, where UQ serves as a substrate for Complexes I and II

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane, where UQ serves as the substrate for Complexes I and II

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane, where UQ serves as the substrate for Complex III

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane where UQH2 serves as the substrate for Complexes I and II

5. The KEGG and NCBI databases contain a wealth of information obtained from sequencing and analyzing the complete genome of Acinetobacter baumannii 1656-2, which is a medically important oxidase negative (cytochrome c oxidase- negative) bacterium that is multidrug resistant. For this microorganism, which statement regarding oxidative phosphorylation is correct?

This microbe possesses subunits of cytochrome c oxidase and therefore displays cytochrome c oxidase activity

The formation of ATP depends directly on the oxidation of cytochrome c.

The cytochrome bd complex allows oxygen to be reduced by the quinone pool

Subunit a of the F-type ATPase has 876 amino acids

Bioinformatics #5

1. According to the KEGG pathway for oxidative phosphorylation, which of the following enzymes do not shuttle protons into the innermembrane space (IMS)?

1.3.5.1

1.3.5.1 and 3.6.3.6

1.6.5.3 and 1.10.2.2

3.6.3.3

2. According to the stoichiometry indicated on the KEGG pathway, ______ matrix protons are consumed and ______ transported to the IMS during the reaction catabolized by Complex I

6;4

4;6

2;6

2;4

3. According to the KEGG pathway and Chapter 15, Complex III transports ____ protons to the IMS per substrate molecule using __ of the Q cycle.

2; both cycles

2; only 1 cycle

4; both cycles

4; only 1 cycle

4. Which of the following statements best describes the oval-shaped arrows involving UQ and UQH2, which are located within the membrane in the colorful KEGG diagram?

The quinone pool remains tightly bound to the membrane surface, where UQ serves as a substrate for Complexes I and II

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane, where UQ serves as the substrate for Complexes I and II

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane, where UQ serves as the substrate for Complex III

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane where UQH2 serves as the substrate for Complexes I and II

5. The KEGG and NCBI databases contain a wealth of information obtained from sequencing and analyzing the complete genome of Acinetobacter baumannii 1656-2, which is a medically important oxidase negative (cytochrome c oxidase- negative) bacterium that is multidrug resistant. For this microorganism, which statement regarding oxidative phosphorylation is correct?

This microbe possesses subunits of cytochrome c oxidase and therefore displays cytochrome c oxidase activity

The formation of ATP depends directly on the oxidation of cytochrome c.

The cytochrome bd complex allows oxygen to be reduced by the quinone pool

Subunit a of the F-type ATPase has 876 amino acids

Write an Explanation with each answer.

Georgia Kaplan is a 22-year-old college student with anorexia nervosa. She was diagnosed when she was 15 years old while attending boarding school. She has undergone intensive treatment with recent better control of her disorder. At present she weighs 98 pounds and her height is 5 feet 2 inches. She is fearful of gaining weight. In particular, she is fearful of weighing more than 100 pounds. She has kept her weight over 95 pounds for the last 3 years with close medical follow-up and psychological counseling.

Ms. Kaplan’s grades at school are consistently As and Bs, unless she is having difficulty with her condition. She visualizes herself as being overweight, “feels fat,” and follows a very strict diet under medical supervision. She shares an apartment with two other roommates who are not aware that she has an eating disorder. She shops for her own food, stores it on a special shelf in the kitchen, and uses a particular shelf in the refrigerator. Her roommate shop, cook, and share meals with each other, but Georgia prefers to by herself.

Georgia exercises twice a day. In the morning she jogs with on of her roommates. In the afternoon she works out, concentrating on her abdomen, which she believes is “too fat and sticks out too much.” She has not had a menstrual period in more than 3 months. Before that time, her menstrual cycle was irregular and fluctuated with the control of her disease.

On physical examination, Georgia appears pale and thin. Her temperature is 96.2 degrees, her blood pressure is 64/42, and her pulse is 58 and regular. She states that she has occasional dizziness but, as long as she changes her position slowly from lying to sitting, this dizziness is not usually bothersome.

1. Even though Georgia Kaplan’s disease seems to be in control, which one of the following factors indicates a need to monitor her more closely than usual?

1. A weight of 98 pounds
2. Fear of gaining weight over 100 pounds
3. Grades
4. The fact that her roommates do not know of her disorder
5. Ritualistic behavior regarding shopping and eating alone
6. Exercise
7. Body image
8. Amenorrhea
9. Dizziness
10. Abnormal temperature, pulse, and blood pressure

1. 1, 2, 4, and 5
2. 3, 4, 5, and 10
3. 4, 5, 6, and 8
4. 6, 7, 8, and 9

2. The counselor convinces Georgia to share her problem with her roommates and she brings them to her next visit. Discussion with the roommates indicates that Georgia’s condition is being complicated by another disorder. She has not gained any weight since the last visit, but her roommates indicate that she is sharing meals with them and progressively eating more food. Which one of the following disorders should be considered?

1. Phenylketonuria
2. Obesity
3. Diabetes mellitus
4. Bulimia

3. In making nutritional recommendations to Ms. Kaplan, the counselor should stress which of the following factors?

1. Basic nutrient molecules are necessary for each cell in the body to function.
2. Body systems will compensate for her inability to eat properly.
3. Her disorder will not affect other systems in the body.
4. She will need to take vitamins to counteract all the effects of her disorder.

4. When describing necessary nutrition for Georgia, which one of the following groups of tools is most likely to be used?

1. Pictures of children with kwashiorkor and marasmus
2. Recommended daily allowances and the Food Guide Pyramid
3. Recommended daily allowances and a list of the essential amino acids.
4. The food pyramid and a list of the essential amino acids

Consider the following three acids:
​a. Nitric acid trihydrate ( HNO_​3 . 3H_​2O , a monoprotic acid with molar mass = 117.07g/mol )
​b. Oxalic acid ( H_​2C_​2O_​4, a diprotic acid with molar mass = 90.04 g/mol)
​c. Phosphoric acid ( H_​3PO_​4, a triprotic acid with molar mass = 98.00 g/mol)
​A 1.50 g sample of one of the above acids is dissolved in enough water to make a 125.ml acid solution. If 26.40 ml of 1.26 M NaOH is required to titrate the acid solution to completion, what is the identity of the acid? Show all calculations set ups to support your answer for credit.

For a given gene and its encoded protein, explain why greater variation in nucleic acid sequence than amino acid sequence is observed when the sequences from one species are compared with evolutionarily related species.

The pKa of the α-carboxyl group of phenylalanine is 1.83, and the pKa of its α-amino group is 9.13. Calculate the average net charge on phenylalanine if it is in a solution that has a pH of 8.30. If the charge is positive, do not enter a + sign.

Explain in words what the ubiquitination reactions are and how they function. What are the ubiquitination enzymes, where are they used in the pathway and what are their function? Explain how proteins starting with an acidic amino acid are recognized for ubiquitination (no structures needed).

The pKa of the α-carboxyl group of phenylalanine is 1.83, and the pKa of its α-amino group is 9.13. Calculate the average net charge on phenylalanine if it is in a solution that has a pH of 8.20. If the charge is positive, do not enter a + sign.