A team of behavioral neuroscientists wants to know whether Froot Loops or Cheerios are more rewarding for rats. Under laboratory conditions, it is trivial to train rats that they will receive a reward if they press a lever. These neuroscientists assign 15 rats to receive a Froot Loop when they press a lever and another 15 rats to receive a Cheerio when they press a lever. Over a 24-hour period, rats in the Froot Loops condition pressed the lever an average of 195.46 times with a variance of 418.63. Over the same 24-hour period, rats in the Cheerios condition pressed the lever an average of 165.88 times with a variance of 901.13.

A. What is μ? If it is not reported, answer “N/A”. B. What is σ? If it is not provided, answer “N/A”.

C. What sample means are provided? If this is a within-subjects design, include D̄ as well as x̄.

D. What are the s values? If this is a within-subjects design, report s for each condition as well as sD.

E. What is N? If this is a between-subjects design, report n1 and n2 in addition to N.

F. What are the degrees of freedom?
G. Is this a one- or two-tailed test?
H. What is the null hypothesis (H0)?
I. What is the alternative hypothesis (Ha)?
J. What inferential test should be used here? (Note that the options are a z test, a one-sample t test, an independent-samples t test, or a related- samples t test.)

K. What is the standard error? Depending on what kind of inferential test is being used, this will be σx̄, sx̄, sx̄1−x̄2, or sD̄.

L. What is zcrit or tcrit? (Obviously, this depends on whether this question calls for a z or t test.)

M. What is your obtained test statistic (i.e., what is zobt or tobt)?

N. Given the obtained and critical values, what is the appropriate con- clusion to draw?

No Global variables

No goto statement

No break outside switch

Write a menu driven C program using functions and switch. Feel free to use “Empty Outlines” template from Canvas to design the functions as needed to build the code. Make sure to submit your work through Canvas. You can show me your code running in class when you are done.

The program shows following menu to the user repetitively until user selects option 3 to exit.

1. Circle
2. Triangle
3. Exit

Based on the selected menu option, it asks the user for the following things -

• Option 1 - asks for radius of a circle and then display its area in square units
• Option 2 - asks for base and height of a triangle and then displays its area in square units.

You need to design functions such that each one accomplishes one task only. Please ask if you have any questions or need clarification about the specifications.

Area of circle = 3.14 * radius *radius

Area of triangle = 0.5 * base * height

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
main() {
   printf("Please select from the following menu options:\n");
   int choice, num, result, num1;
   printf("Press 1 for circle\n");
   printf("Press 2 for triangle\n");
   printf("Press 3 to exit\n");
   choice = input();
   switch (choice) {
   case 1: {
       printf("Enter radius:\n");
       num = input();
       int result = 3.14 * num * num;
       printf("Area of sphere=");
       output(result);
   case 2: {
       printf("Enter the base of the triangle:\n");
       num = input();
       printf("Enter the height of the triangle:\n");
       num1 = input();
       int result = 0.5 * num1 * num;
       printf("The area of the trangle is:\n");
       output(result);
   }
   case 3: {
       printf("Thank you for calculating with us\n");
   }
   default:
       printf("wrong Input\n");
   }
   }

A 14-year-old boy is hospitalized for relapse of leukemia after a failed bone marrow transplant. The family has been told his condition is terminal, there is nothing more to be done except keep him comfortable. His mother is distant, uncommunicative and rarely visits. When she does, she doesn’t touch Robbie or speak to him. She sits in a recliner by the window reading novels and requesting cokes multiple times per visit. The staff calls a family meeting but the mother is conspicuously absent. Robbie’s father is frantic, demanding further treatments, regardless of low likelihood of efficacy. During the family meeting, he directs the team NOT to tell Robbie he might die, as he would lose hope. He states, “In our culture, we keep this news from patients to avoid upsetting them.”

You are the nurse. When you are alone caring for Robbie, he asks you, “Am I dying?”

How should you respond?

1. What are the three options you could select? Cite advantages and disadvantages of each.
2. How does the Code of Ethics and Spirituality in Nursing guide you in the virtue of truth-telling?
3. What other considerations play a part in your response?

You should have supportive evidence by in-text citations and references noted. At least 3-5 current references need to be APA formatted.

Please give genus and species for each answer.

41. A 8-year-old boy is brought to the doctor with a 3-day history of fever and a rash. He has a mild sore throat and felt tired. His mom is concerned that he might have scarlet fever. The rash started on his face and then spread to his arms and legs. He has only been given acetaminophen for the fever. He has no allergies and no significant medical history. His temperature is 101.5 F and his vital signs are normal. His cheeks are notably red, almost as if they had been slapped. There is a fine erythematous maculopapular rash but no vesicles or petechiae. A rapid group A streptococcal antigen test done was negative.

_____________________________________________________________________

42. A 46-year-old male with known HIV is brought to the hospital with diarrhea. He has had between 15 – 25 watery stools for the past two weeks. He has allow grade fever an feels fatigued but no vomiting. He has lost 10 pounds. He is on AZT, 3TC and a protease inhibitor for his HIV. His CD4 count is 149 cells. His temperature is 98.9 F. His mucous membranes are moist. He has tachycardia and hyperactive bowel sounds. His stool is heme negative. A modified acid-fast stained feces reveals multiple red and pink, round oocysts.

_____________________________________________________________________

43. A 3-year-old male infant is brought to the emergency room in the middle of February with fever, vomiting and diarrhea for the past day. He has not been able to keep anything down and he has a watery diarrhea. He goes to daycare and many of his classmates are also sick with the same symptoms. He has tachycardia and a fever (100.2 F). His eyes appear sunken, he has active bowel sounds and his stool is watery and pale. His feces was negative for blood and white blood cells.

_____________________________________________________________________

44.A 29-year-old female presents complaining of a 3 day itchy vaginal discharge. A week previously she was treated for a UTI with antibiotics. She denies abdominal pain and there is no dysuria. A pelvic examination reveals a thick, curd like, white discharge in her vagina.

_____________________________________________________________________

45. A 5-year-old boy is seen by his pediatrician because of anal itching. His mother has noticed him scratching and rubbing his anal area. His anal area is red and raw from all the scratching. His mother has applied hydrocortisone but it hasn’t helped. He does not have diarrhea. His vital signs are normal. The doctor performs a microscopic examination of a sample collected by touching the perianal area with double sticky tape.

_____________________________________________________________________

46. You met your wife at the local hospital where you work. You were married 18 months ago and now she discovers she is pregnant. You are both very she goes to the obstetrician for her first prenatal visit. Everything looks good; she is seven weeks into a normal pregnancy. About 10 days later you come home from work and she is waiting for you in the kitchen, looking very upset. She tells you that she tested positive for a STD. She says it must mean that you have been unfaithful because she has not had relations with anyone since you were married. Which of the following infections is possible if both of you have been monogamous for at least two years?

_____________________________________________________________________

47. A 40-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use entered the local clinic with complaints of a dry, persistent cough; fever; malaise; and anorexia. Over the preceding 4 weeks, he had lost 12 pounds and experienced chills and sweats. A chest x ray revealed patchy infiltrates throughout the lung fields. Because the patient had a nonproductive cough, sputum was induced and submitted for bacterial, fungal and mycobacterial cultures, as well as examination for Pneumocystis. Blood cultures and serologic tests for HIV infection were performed. The patient was found to be HIV positive. The results of all cultures were negative after 2 days of incubation; however, cultures were positive after an additional 10 days of incubation. The most likely organism isolated from this patient is:

_____________________________________________________________________

48. You are called to the home of Michael, a 13 week – old baby boy who has become listless and is having trouble breathing. The parents report that he used to smile, but lately he has not smiled, nor has he had other noticeable facial expressions in the last two days. His eyes are open when you arrive, but he does not seem to be focusing. You place your out stretched finger under his but he can not grasp it.

_____________________________________________________________________

49. On an autumn day a number of people became ill working at the Widget Company. It is an industrial plant in the heart of Cincinnati, Ohio. Their symptoms ranged from simple coughing and other respiratory symptoms to pneumonia. At least one of fifty people showing symptoms died. The company voluntarily closed the building upon recommendation from the health department. After all of the water and cooling systems at the plant were evaluated and disinfected, it reopened and no new cases were reported. What is the causative agent at the factory?

_____________________________________________________________________

50. Jane has been on multiple antibiotics for the past few months for a severe sinus infection. She has been losing weight and looks especially pale. She has emerged from the ladies room. This her fourth trip today. She collapses and is taken to the hospital. 51. When you left for work this morning your 3-month old daughter

4-1. As a third-year medical student working in the hospital, you are treating a young boy, Jacob, and a young girl, Kristen, who have had chronic ear infections by pyogenic bacteria. Blood work shows that they both have elevated levels of IgM.

(a) What two B cell deficiencies could explain these observations? (do not use abbreviations)

(b) Which patient is more likely (or less likely) to have one type of those deficiencies than the other type and why?

(c) How can you test to determine which of the two possible B cell deficiencies they might have?

(d) Of the two deficiencies named in (b), which one would cause susceptibility to opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis jiroveci and why?

Explain answers in through details.

An 8-year-old boy is seen in the emergency department accompanied by his parents, maternal grandparents, and two younger siblings aged 2 and 5, and his mother’s sister.

Subjective Data

• Multiple people are speaking at once, some in English and others in Spanish.

• The father, in a Spanish accent, tells the nurse, “My son, he fell down. Es en mucho dolor.”

• A certified medical interpreter is at the child’s bedside.

• In Spanish, the child communicates that he fell when riding his bicycle and has injured his right leg. He rates his pain at 5 out of 10 on a numeric pain scale.

• When queried about his immunization history, neither the child nor any of the adults know when or if the child has received his immunizations.

Objective Data

• Abrasion and bruise, 2 in. by 2 in. in size, noted on outer aspect of right leg distal to the knee

• Abrasion is dirt covered

• X-rays performed—no fracture seen

Vital Signs:

• Temperature: 98.6°F
• Heart rate: 90 bpm
• Respiratory rate: 24 rpm
• Blood pressure: 100/60 mm Hg

Health-Care Provider’s Orders

• Administer ibuprofen 200 mg PO every 6 hr for pain

• Cleanse wound with soap and water

• Apply triple antibiotic (bacitracin/neomycin/ polymyxin B) ointment after cleansing

• Administer Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis) vaccine IM STAT

• Educate child and parents regarding need for helmet protection when riding bicycle

• Refer to pediatric clinic for follow-up

CASE SCENARIO QUESTIONS

A. What subjective assessments indicate that the client is experiencing a health alteration?

1.

2.

3.

B. What objective assessments indicate that the client is experiencing a health alteration?

1.

2.

3.

4.

C. After analyzing the data that has been collected, what primary nursing diagnosis should the nurse assign to this client?

1.

D. What interventions should the nurse plan and/or implement to meet this child’s and his family’s needs?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

E. What client outcomes should the nurse evaluate regarding the effectiveness of the nursing interventions?

1.

2.

3.

4.

F. What physiological characteristics should the child exhibit after treatment?

1.

G. What psychological characteristics should the child and family exhibit before being discharged home?

1.

Nursing (pediatric)

Case Study Organ Donation Charlie, a young 10 year old boy, was born with a rare liver disease that left him unable to eat or digest food. His rare liver disease also affected his intestines, pancreas and spleen. His condition was considered terminal unless he had a transplant that would cost approximately 1 million dollars. The problem the family encountered was that his insurance (Medicaid) considered this operation to be experimental and therefore not reimbursable. Charlie’s parents summed up the families attitude regarding this by saying “Money is nothing compared to a human life”. The family fought with the government for over 2 years with no success. It wasn’t until the media got involved that the case caught the eye of a young pioneer transplant surgeon, who promised to waive his fee, and agreed to review this case. Upon review, the surgeon felt there was a small window of time for helping Charlie and that it was closing rapidly. The surgeon approached a local hospital and asked them to waive the normal $500,000 down payment for this type of surgery. The hospital declined saying that they could not afford to become a free care center and that this could risk the future of its own transplant program. In a sudden turn of events, Medicaid finally decided to pay for the operation. At first the team could not find a hospital to perform the operation for the limited Medicaid fee but finally found a local teaching hospital that agreed to do it. It took 6 weeks to find a donor. The 16 hour surgery was performed and Charlie received a new liver, small and large intestine, pancreas and spleen. It turned out to be the first five organ transplant performed. Although Charlie faced a number of set backs after the surgery, he returned home to eat solid food for the first time. He turned out to be the first child to survive a multiple organ transplant beyond 6 months.

Questions: 1. What are the ethical issues in this case? 2. Is it right to give five organs to one person when five others could possibly benefit? 3. Is it right for the media to intervene in situations like this? Why or why not? 4. What is your reaction to the statement from the first hospital who did not want to perform the surgery as they did not want to become a free care center and jeopardize their own transplant program?