Flexible Budgeting and Variance Analysis

I Love My Chocolate Company makes dark chocolate and light chocolate. Both products require cocoa and sugar. The following planning information has been made available:

I Love My Chocolate Company does not expect there to be any beginning or ending inventories of cocoa or sugar. At the end of the budget year, I Love My Chocolate Company had the following actual results:

Required:

1. Prepare the following variance analyses for both chocolates and the total, based on the actual results and production levels at the end of the budget year:

     a. Direct materials price variance, direct materials quantity variance, and total variance.

     b. Direct labor rate variance, direct labor time variance, and total variance.

Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of over 1 billion people. Although the government has offered various incentives for population control, some argue that the birth rate, especially in rural India, is still too high to be sustainable. A demographer assumes the following probability distribution for the household size in India.

Compute the mean of the household size in India?

Professor Sanchez has been teaching Principles of Economics for over 25 years. He uses the following scale for grading.

Compute the variance of the numerical score.

You have $400,000 invested in a well-diversified portfolio. You inherit a house that is presently worth $200,000. Consider the summary measures in the following table:

The correlation coefficient between your portfolio and the house is 0.38.

What is the standard deviation of new portfolio which includes old portfolio and house?

Questions below are separate

1. If E(X) = 10 and E(Y) = 20, Var(X) = 3, Var(Y) = 5 and Cov(X, Y) = 10, then

what is the var(Z) where Z = 3X+2Y?

2. If E(X) = 10 and E(Y) = 20, Var(X) = 3, Var(Y) = 5 and Cov(X, Y) = 10, then

what is the mean of Z where Z = 3X+2Y?

Note that mean of Z = E(Z).

3. If correlation coefficient =0.3 and Var(X) =25 and Var(Y) = 16, then what is Cov(X, Y)?

The following is the recent historical sales of Sony HDTV at a local BestBuy store.

• Solution inputs are numbers only, no symbols or letters such as "$, (2.3), dollar".
• Numbers can be in the format of either 3000 or 3,000; 0.95 or .95
• Keep two decimals if not exact, do not round. For example, 3.24923... will be kept as 3.24, but the exact value of 0.625 will be kept as 0.625

1. Use the naive approach to forecast sales for June.  
2. Use a 4-month simple moving average to forecast sales for June.  
3. Using weighted moving average method, with weights of 0.5 one period ago, 0.3 two periods ago, and 0.2 three periods ago, to forecast sales for June.  
4. Assuming the forecast for April is 60. Use exponential smoothing, with a smoothing constant of 0.2, to forecast sales for June.  
5. Use simple linear regression y=a+bx, to first calculate the parameter value of b , then the parameter value of a  , and finally to forecast sales for June.  

Please evaluate Forecasting Method A, in terms of MAD and TS, based on the following forecasted sales, comparing to the realized actual sales.

• Solution inputs are number and letter only, no symbols such as "A., or (2.3)"
• Numbers can be in the format of either 3000 or 3,000; 0.95 or .95; negative number should be in the format of -0.8 instead of (0.8).
• Keep two decimals if not exact, do not round. For example, 3.24923... will be kept as 3.24, but the exact value of 0.625 will be kept as 0.625

1. The MAD value of forecasting method A is:  
2. The TS value of forecasting method A is:  
3. If another forecasting method B has the MAD = 4, and TS = 0.2, then which forecasting method (A or B) is better in terms of MAD value?   and which forecasting method (A or B) is better in terms of TS value?  

Listed below is the 48-hour recall for a 72-year-old male who is new to using warfarin. Food or Beverage Item Serving Size Vitamin K (mcg) Day #1 Oatmeal 1 cup 1.2 Whole milk 1 cup 0.5 Orange juice ½ cup 0.1 Tuna salad ½ cup 21.2 Wheat bread 2 slices 1.1 Baby carrots 16 21.1 Roast beef 4 ounces 1.9 Baked potato w/ peel 1 medium 3.5 Butter 2 tsp 0.7 Sour cream 1 Tbsp 0.3 Tomatoes, fresh ½ cup 7.1 Applesauce 1 cup 1.5 Day #2 Special K® 1 cup 0.2 Whole milk 1 cup 0.5 Orange juice 1 cup 0.2 Roast beef 3 ounces 1.4 Wheat bread 2 slices 1.1 Salad greens 1 cup 111.5 Italian dressing 2 Tbsp 16.5 Baked chicken 4 ounces 2.7 Spinach, cooked ½ cup 554 White rice 1 cup 0 Grapes ½ cup 11.7 Q1. Looking the DRI values in the book, what is the recommendation for vitamin K intake? Is he meeting his DRI for vitamin K for Day1? What about vitamin K intake on Day 2? Is he meeting the DRI? Q2. Reading the information on vitamin K intake from the textbook and discussion in the lecture, what advice do you have for him regarding his vitamin K intake over these two days? Also look at the table closely to give specific recommendations about foods consumed. Q 3. Search the Internet for patient education materials on warfarin and vitamin K intake. Are the messages to the patient consistent? Confusing? How do you know the advice is reputable? Summarise what you found and include links for resources you explored.

Aunt Ethel’s Fancy Cookie Company manufactures and sells three styles of cookies: Macaroon, Sugar, and Buttercream. The batch size for the cookies is limited to 1,000 cookies based on the size of the ovens and cookie molds owned by the company. Based on budgetary projections, the information listed below is available:

  Macaroon Sugar Buttercream

Projected sales in units 800,000 600,000 500,000

PER UNIT data:

Selling price $0.80 $0.75 $0.60

Direct materials $0.20 $0.15 $0.14

Direct labor $0.04 $0.02 $0.02

Overhead cost based on direct labor hours

(traditional system) $0.30 $0.15 $0.15

Hours per 1000-unit batch:

Direct labor hours 2 1 1

Oven hours 1 1 1

Setup hours 0.5 0.3 0.5

Packaging hours 1 1 1

Total overhead costs and activity levels for the year are estimated as follows:

Cost Pool Activity Overhead Costs    Activity Level

Cleaning Direct labor hours $51,975 2,700 Hours

Oven costs Oven hours $162,450 1,900 Hours

Setups Setup hours $70,200 800 Hours

Packaging Packaging hours $119,035   950 Hours

Total overhead costs $403,660

Required:

1. Using the traditional system: a. Show how Aunt Ethel’s calculated the overhead cost per unit for each flavor of cookie. b. Determine the profit margin per batch for each flavor of cookie.

2. Aunt Ethel’s is considering moving to an Activity Based Costing (ABC) system. Determine the overhead cost rate for each cost pool.

3. Using the ABC system: a. Calculate the overhead costs per unit for each flavor of cookie. b. Determine the profit margin per batch for each flavor of cookie.

4. Explain the difference between the profits obtained from the traditional system and the ABC system. Which system provides a better estimate of profitability? Why?

5. Calculate the price of a 3-year bond with a face value of $50,000, an annual coupon rate of 8% and an annual market yield of 6%. Coupon payments are made semi-annually.
Select one:
a. $52,673
b. $47,379
c. $54,917
d. $52,709

21.On 3rd June, Treasurer of Australia, Josh Frydenberg announced that Australia is in recession after the economy was badly hit by bushfires and the coronavirus pandemic. According to the Bureau of Statistics, Australia’s GDP figures shrank 0.3% in the March quarter, the first quarter of negative growth in nine years.
To deal with recession, which monetary policy do you think the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) will use and why? Based on what you have learned in this unit, what effects will this policy have on cash rate, economic activities and inflation rate?

24.Last year, Cooper Technologies Ltd initiated an ambitious research and development (R&D) project aiming to create a unique technology to boost their competitive advantage against peer firms in the field of geospatial surveying. The R&D project was largely financed by the issuance of corporate bonds worth $350 million. The COVID-19 outbreak has caused severe disruptions to the progress of the project, which hence requires an extra funding of $250 million.
To meet the additional budget requirement, Cooper Technologies Ltd has decided to conduct an equity issuance in the form of a renounceable rights issue to shareholders. The issue price of a new share is at 12.18% discount of the current share price of $20.00.
Required (Please label your answers according to parts):
(a) Given that each right is currently traded at $2.03, what is the pro rata basis of the rights issue offer ? (i.e., how many existing shares does it take to obtain the right to subscribe for a new share ?).
(b) What is the theoretical ex-rights share price of Cooper Technologies Ltd?

Flexible Budgeting and Variance Analysis

I Love My Chocolate Company makes dark chocolate and light chocolate. Both products require cocoa and sugar. The following planning information has been made available:

I Love My Chocolate Company does not expect there to be any beginning or ending inventories of cocoa or sugar. At the end of the budget year, I Love My Chocolate Company had the following actual results:

Required:

1. Prepare the following variance analyses for both chocolates and the total, based on the actual results and production levels at the end of the budget year:

     a. Direct materials price variance, direct materials quantity variance, and total variance.

     b. Direct labor rate variance, direct labor time variance, and total variance.

Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number. If there is no variance, enter a zero.

Problem 13-09 (Algorithmic)

Myrtle Air Express decided to offer direct service from Cleveland to Myrtle Beach. Management must decide between a full-price service using the company’s new fleet of jet aircraft and a discount service using smaller capacity commuter planes. It is clear that the best choice depends on the market reaction to the service Myrtle Air offers. Management developed estimates of the contribution to profit for each type of service based upon two possible levels of demand for service to Myrtle Beach: strong and weak. The following table shows the estimated quarterly profits (in thousands of dollars):

1. What is the decision to be made, what is the chance event, and what is the consequence for this problem?
   
   The input in the box below will not be graded, but may be reviewed and considered by your instructor.
   
   
   
   How many decision alternatives are there?
   
   Number of decision alternatives =  
   
   How many outcomes are there for the chance event?
   
   Number of outcomes =
   
2. If nothing is known about the probabilities of the chance outcomes, what is the recommended decision using the optimistic, conservative and minimax regret approaches?
   

   Optimistic approach	Full price service
   Conservative approach	Discount service
   Minimax regret approach	Discount service

3. Suppose that management of Myrtle Air Express believes that the probability of strong demand is 0.7 and the probability of weak demand is 0.3. Use the expected value approach to determine an optimal decision.
   
   Optimal Decision : Discount service
   
4. Suppose that the probability of strong demand is 0.8 and the probability of weak demand is 0.2. What is the optimal decision using the expected value approach?
   
   Optimal Decision : Full price service
   
5. Determine the range of demand probabilities for which each of the decision alternatives has the largest expected value. If required, round your answer to four decimal places.
   
   Discount service  is the best choice if probability of strong demand is less than or equal to . For values of  greater than , the full price service is the best  choice.

1.

2. Create a formula that will return "Extend Credit" or "No Credit" in column F. In order to be receive credit, the customers must have DTI that is lower than .30 (30%) and annual income of at least $37,000 or have a credit score higher than 4.0

Enter an IF statement in G4 that will return the appropriate bonus for the sales recorded in F4. The actual bonus rate depend on the amount sold. The table B2:D5 show the bonus rate for different sales levels. This assignment will require a statement with multiple if's.

Please mention the excel formula used here.