Twenty-seven high-school seniors decided to take part in an investigation of the special “exam preparation” books that purportedly help one get ready for college entrance examinations. The group divided itself into three groups on a purely random basis. Two of the groups used the books, each group selecting a different book. The third group did not use the books. Listed below are the obtained entrance exam scores. Perform the ANOVA using the 5% level of significance and interpret your results.

BOOK I: 532 455 440 620 560 522 517 520 510

BOOK II: 540 570 520 620 660 605 602 590

NO BOOK: 380 470 441 487 420 390 450 510 430 560

Twenty-seven high-school seniors decided to take part in an investigation of the special “exam preparation” books that purportedly help one get ready for college entrance examinations. The group divided itself into three groups on a purely random basis. Two of the groups used the books, each group selecting a different book. The third group did not use the books. Listed below are the obtained entrance exam scores. Perform the ANOVA using the 5% level of significance and interpret your results.

BOOK I: 532 455 440 620 560 522 517 520 510

BOOK II: 540 570 520 620 660 605 602 590

NO BOOK: 380 470 441 487 420 390 450 510 430 560

15. Which of the following divides quantitative measurements into classes and graphs the frequency, relative frequency, or percentage frequency for each class?

Multiple Choice

• histogram

• dot plot

• stem-and-leaf display

• scatter plot

16. The number of items rejected daily by a manufacturer because of defects for the last 30 days are:

20, 21, 8, 17, 22, 19, 18, 19, 14, 17, 11, 6, 21, 25, 4, 19, 9, 12, 16, 16, 10, 28, 24, 6, 21, 20, 25, 5, 17, 8

How many classes should be used in constructing a histogram?

Multiple Choice

• 6

• 5

• 7

• 4

18. When developing a frequency distribution, the class (group) intervals must be ________.

Multiple Choice

• large

• small

• integer

• nonoverlapping

• equal

19. Which of the following graphical tools is not used to study the shapes of distributions?

Multiple Choice

• stem-and-leaf display

• scatter plot

• histogram

• dot plot

21. Which one of the following graphical tools is used with quantitative data?

Multiple Choice

• bar chart

• histogram

• pie chart

• Pareto chart

22. An example of manipulating a graphical display to distort reality is ________.

Multiple Choice

• starting the axes at zero

• making the bars in a histogram equal widths

• stretching the axes

• adding an unbiased caption

23. A ________ shows the relationship between two variables.

Multiple Choice

• stem-and-leaf

• bar chart

• histogram

• scatter plot

• pie chart

25. As a general rule, when creating a stem-and-leaf display, there should be ______ stem values.

Multiple Choice

• between 3 and 10

• between 1 and 100

• no fewer than 20

• between 5 and 20

1. Load the regression data in the le called wagedata.csv and answer the following questions:
(a) Create an interaction between Ability and PhD
(b) Run a regression with the interaction a constant Ability and PhD. Write down you estimators
and the t-statistics
(c) Compute the di erence-in-di erence estimate and write down you answer.
(d) Test if the di erence is signi cant by showing relevant steps, and write down the conclusion to
the test.
2. Which of these photos shows evidence of heteroskedasticity?
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
x1
y1
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
−10 0 10 20 30
x
y
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
−10 −5 0 5 10
x
y
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
−10 −5 0 5 10 15
x
y
3. Load the dataset called ec122a.csv and decide the appropriate regression to run. Write down what
transformations, corrections, etc... you make and why.

Data

1. The following table gives the bushels of corn per acre, y resulting from the use of the various amounts of fertilizer in pounds per acre, x, produced on a farm in each of 10 years from 1971 to 1980.  

1. What is the simple linear regression population model?

2. What is the estimated simple linear regression model in notation form?

3. What are the estimated intercept and slope? Interpret the estimated intercept and slope.

4. Write the estimated simple linear regression model using the estimated intercept and slope?

5. If  18 pounds of fertilizer is used, what are:

1. the actual bushel of corn per acre yielded,

2. the fitted value of the regression line, and

3. the value of the residual.  Does the residual lie above or below the regression line?  Please explain.

6. Calculate the SST, SSE, and SSR of the model.

7. Calculate the estimated variances and the standard errors of and .

8. Calculate the R² term of the estimated model and interpret the R² term.

Consider the following two scenarios
Original Scenario:
T = 80 hours
Wage = $20
Payroll tax = 20%
Under this original scenario, the worker maximizes their utility by choosing to leisure 30 hours a week (i.e. work 50 hours).

The government then proposes a new plan where everyone is given $300 each week as a supplement to their income. However, to pay for this $300 cash grant they increase the payroll tax to 50%. Thus...
Negative Income Tax Scenario:
T = 80 hours

Wage = $20

Payroll tax = 50%

Cash Grant = $300

(a) Graph the workers two scenarios on ONE graph. You will need to solve for and include the following values in your graph:

• Cmax under the original scenario AND the negative income tax scenario

• The true slope of the budget line in both the original AND negative income tax scenarios.

• In BOTH scenarios: The value of C if the worker leisures for 30 hours

• Finally, since you are TOLD that the optimal C-L bundle under the original scenario occurs at leisure =

  30 hours, correctly draw the indifference curve at that point.

student_id=100

set.seed(student_id)

Group1=round(rnorm(15,mean=10,sd=4),2)

Group2= round(rnorm(12,mean=7,sd=4),2)

For this question you are not allowed to use the lm() command in R or the equivalent of lm() in python or other software. If you want to use a software, only use it as a calculator. So if you are using R, you may only use mean(), sum(), qt() and of course +,-,*,/. (Similar restrictions for Python, excel or others).

Consider all the 27 numbers printed under Group1 and Group2 as your y values, and the two group indicators as a categorical variable x ( indicating Group1 vs Group2).

(a) Fit a least square regression line and calculate the intercept and the slope.

(b) At 5% level of significance, test that the true slope parameter is zero.

(c) Match your answer from part (b) to your answers from Question 2. Describe briefly any similarity that you see.

Hooper Printing Inc. has bonds outstanding with 9 years left to maturity. The bonds have an 8% annual coupon rate and were issued 1 year ago at their par value of $1,000. However, due to changes in interest rates, the bond's market price has fallen to $910.40. The capital gains yield last year was - 8.96%.

1. What is the yield to maturity? Round your answer to two decimal places.
   
   
2. For the coming year, what is the expected current yield? (Hint: Refer to Footnote 7 for the definition of the current yield and to Table 7.1.) Round your answer to two decimal places.
   
3. 
   For the coming year, what is the expected capital gains yield? (Hint: Refer to Footnote 7 for the definition of the current yield and to Table 7.1.) Round your answer to two decimal places.
   
   
4. Will the actual realized yields be equal to the expected yields if interest rates change? If not, how will they differ?
   1. As rates change they will cause the end-of-year price to change and thus the realized capital gains yield to change. As a result, the realized return to investors will differ from the YTM.
   2. As long as promised coupon payments are made, the current yield will change as a result of changing interest rates. However, changing rates will cause the price to change and as a result, the realized return to investors will differ from the YTM.
   3. As long as promised coupon payments are made, the current yield will not change as a result of changing interest rates. However, changing rates will cause the price to change and as a result, the realized return to investors should equal the YTM.
   4. As long as promised coupon payments are made, the current yield will change as a result of changing interest rates. However, changing rates will cause the price to change and as a result, the realized return to investors should equal the YTM.
   5. As long as promised coupon payments are made, the current yield will change as a result of changing interest rates. However, changing rates will not cause the price to change and as a result, the realized return to investors should equal the YTM.

3- Use FirstLastList: Write method public void join(FirstLastList SecondList) such that given two linked lists, join them together to give one. So if the lists lst1= [1,3,7,4] and lst2=[2,4,5,8,6], the result of lst1.join(lst2) is lst1=[1,3,7,4,2,4,5,8,6] and lst2=[].
4- Use FirstLastList: Write method public void swap(). It swaps the first and last elements of a FirstLastList. So if lst1= [1,3,7,4], lst1.swap() = [4,3,7,1]. Display or throw an exception if the list contains less than two elements.

public class FirstLastList
{
private Link first; // ref to first link
private Link last; // ref to last link
// -------------------------------------------------------------
public FirstLastList() // constructor
{
first = null; // no links on list yet
last = null;
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------
public boolean isEmpty() // true if no links
{ return first==null; }
// -------------------------------------------------------------
public void insertFirst(long dd) // insert at front of list
{
Link newLink = new Link(dd); // make new link

if( isEmpty() ) // if empty list,
last = newLink; // newLink <-- last
newLink.next = first; // newLink --> old first
first = newLink; // first --> newLink
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------
public void insertLast(long dd) // insert at end of list
{
Link newLink = new Link(dd); // make new link
if( isEmpty() ) // if empty list,
first = newLink; // first --> newLink
else
last.next = newLink; // old last --> newLink
last = newLink; // newLink <-- last
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------
public long deleteFirst() // delete first link
{ // (assumes non-empty list)
long temp = first.dData;
if(first.next == null) // if only one item
last = null; // null <-- last
first = first.next; // first --> old next
return temp;
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------
public void displayList()
{
System.out.print("List (first-->last): ");
Link current = first; // start at beginning
while(current != null) // until end of list,
{
current.displayLink(); // print data
current = current.next; // move to next link
}
System.out.println("");
}

public void join(FirstLastList otherList) {
Link current = otherList.first; // start at beginning
while (current != null) { // until end of list,
this.insertLast(current.dData);
current = current.next; // move to next link
}
otherList.first = null;
}

public void swap() throws Exception {
int count = 0;
Link current = first; // start at beginning
while (current != null) { // until end of list,
count++;
current = current.next; // move to next link
}
  
if (count < 2) {
throw new Exception("There is not enough element in the list.");
} else
{
long firstData = first.dData;
long lastData = last.dData;
first.dData = lastData;
last.dData = firstData;
}
}
}

class Link
{
public long dData; // data item
public Link next; // next link in list

public Link(long d) // constructor
{ dData = d; }

public void displayLink() // display this link
{ System.out.print(dData + " "); }
} // end class Link

public class FirstLastAppTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
FirstLastList lst1 = new FirstLastList(); // Start a new FirstLastList called lst1

lst1.insertLast(1); // Add links with data to the last position
lst1.insertLast(3);
lst1.insertLast(7);
lst1.insertLast(4);
System.out.print("\nlst1: "); // print the description for the list
lst1.displayList(); // print the contents of the list

FirstLastList lst2 = new FirstLastList(); // Start a new FirstLastList called lst2

lst2.insertLast(2); // Add links with data to the last position
lst2.insertLast(4);
lst2.insertLast(5);
lst2.insertLast(8);
lst2.insertLast(6);
System.out.print("\nlst2: "); // print the description for the list
lst2.displayList(); // print the contents of the list

System.out.print("\nlst1.join(lst2): "); // print the action to take place: lst1.join(lst2)
lst1.join(lst2); // call the join method for lst1 to add lst2
System.out.print("\nlst1: "); // print the description for the list
lst1.displayList(); // print the contents of the list lst1; post join()
System.out.print("lst2: "); // print the description for the list
lst2.displayList(); // print the contents of the list lst2; post join()

System.out.print("\nlst1.swap(): "); // print the action to take place: lst1.swap()
lst1.swap(); // call the swap method for lst1
System.out.print("\nlst1: "); // print the description for the list
lst1.displayList(); // print the contents of the list lst1; post swap()
} // end main()
} // end class

I can't get FirstLastAppTest to work with my code. I can't post my FirstLastApp as I have limited space for 1 question.

PLEASE DO NOT MODIFY FirstLastAppTest!!! Its just for testing the code.