A four-year-old refuses to make her bed or clean up after playing with toys and has a tantrum when her parents try to insist that she do so.

1. a) What advice would Locke give to the parents? Explain the rationale for his advice based on his ideas about human nature and his basic principles of child-rearing as completely and thoroughly as you can. b) What advice would Rousseau give to the parents? Explain the rationale for his advice based on his ideas about human nature and his theory of development as completely and thoroughly as you can. c) what advice would you give the parents? What ideas or observations inform your suggestions?

Effects, Politics, and Regulatory Control of Tobacco Use Tobacco use is the primary cause of mortality in the United States today. Tobacco use is responsible for cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and heart disease and has caused the deaths of nearly half a million people per year. Tobacco control, prevention, and treatment are compelling and urgent public health issues.

The development of tobacco control laws have been passed by a number of states. Write a comprehensive overview of the health effects, politics, and regulatory control of tobacco use control efforts. Your paper should be based on the following points:

What are the factors (biological, environmental, economic, and political) that contribute to tobacco addiction?

What are the medical consequences (morbidity and mortality) for tobacco users?

What is the public health impact (epidemiological and economic) of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure?

How do tobacco control regulations relate to positive and normative economics?

How do tobacco control regulations impact individual health care What is the public health policy regarding tobacco control?

What is the role of the state and Federal Government in policy making? What is the history of regulatory tobacco control?

What is the current state of tobacco control in the United States (states that have passed tobacco control regulations)?

What is the evidence that tobacco control is effective?

Based on your understanding, create a 6- to 7-page Microsoft Word document that includes the answers to the above questions. You need a minimum of five scholarly sources that should be in APA format for both in-text citations and citations on the reference page. This assignment requires a title page, an abstract, an introduction, a body, a conclusion, and a reference page.

Chapter 10 Real-World Case Assignment

The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is a model of VBP and P4P systems. As stated in the textbook, PCMH initiatives are often organized by health plans, states, payers, providers, or multi-stakeholder groups. PCMHs are being widely implemented with a four-fold increase in the number of PCMH initiatives between 2009 and 2013 (Edwards et al. 2014, 1829). This trend is expected to continue because the PCMH model of care is endorsed by federal and state health agencies.

This Real-World Case focuses on the organization of PCMHs by states. Many states have adopted policies and programs to advance PCMHs. Go to the website of the National Academy for State Health Policy (NASHP) to learn about PCMHs in the states:

http://www.nashp.org/med-home-map

Questions and Application Activity

1. Click on the Medical Home tab, then click on “About medical homes”, look over the map. How many states have Multi-Payer programs?

2. Click on the link in the above paragraph titled “Patient-Centered Primary Care Collaborative”, change from State View to List View, enter Oregon in the State field and choose Multi-Payer in the Payer Type field, click “Apply”. Multi-payer medical homes, PCMH initiatives may involve patients that have multiple, different insurance companies and public payers; such as federal Blue Cross Blue Shield, TRICARE, Medicaid, and other payers; and multiple providers. These multi-stakeholder groups may develop payment methods through collaborative processes. Click on “Oregon Comprehensive Primary Care Initiative” and give the Number of Practices, a list of payers and what is the payment model?

3. Click on the “About health homes” on the home page, then click on the CMS website link and click on the link “Map of State Health Home Activity” . Section 2703 of the Affordable Care Act gives state Medicaid programs the option of establishing health homes. Health homes provide a comprehensive system of care coordination for Medicaid beneficiaries with chronic conditions. In health homes, providers treat the “whole-person” across the lifespan by integrating and coordinating all primary care, acute inpatient care, behavioral health, and long-term services and supports. Review the map on the CMS website and answer the following; How many states have approved Medicaid Health Home plans and Does Oregon have any Medicaid Health Home plans?

4. Now go to the following website - http://www.oregon.gov/oha/HPA/CSI-PCPCH/Pages/Standards.aspx, find the article titled; National Committee for Quality Assurance and Oregon PCPCH Recognition. As an example of national standards, the National Commission for Quality Assurance (NCQA) has standards for PCMHs (2014). The standards are in the areas of patient-centered access, team-based care, population health management, care management and support, care coordination and care transitions, and performance measurement and quality improvement. Is the NCQA model identical to the Oregon model and will Oregon accept the NCQA recognition?

5. On the Oregon Health Authority site click on the tab for Payment Incentives. Read “Primary Care Payment Reform Collaborative”, What is the objective of the Collaborative?

Click on the Recognized Clinics tab and name 2 Patient Centered Primary Care Homes (PCPCH) practices in Eugene or Springfield.

1. Environmentalists who were worried about the presence of barnacles along the Pacific Coast wanted to see whether Oregon had more barnacles than California. They randomly selected 7 locations in California and 6 locations in Oregon. Working at the edge of the water in each location, they put down frames that covered 0.25 square meters and counted the barnacles inside the frame. Their results are summarized in the table below.

a. (2 points) What degrees of freedom would you use in the two-sample hypothesis test to compare Oregon and California? Why?

b. What is the test statistic for comparing the mean densities of barnacles in Oregon and California? Show your work.

c. The environmental scientists who conducted this study published a report which concluded that “the average number of barnacles per 0.25 m2 was statistically significantly higher in Oregon than in California, with α = 0.001.” Do your results agree with their published report?

For Correctional Medical Facilities :

Describe the types of care provided.

Identify the national organization(s) and the healthcare standards for the setting.

Identify your home state of NJ for state specific information

Summarize NJ specific health record (i.e., medical record) documentation guidelines for the healthcare setting, including the statute, regulation and administrative code reference number.

Summarize NJ specific health record (i.e., medical record) retention guidelines for the health care setting, including the statute, regulation and administrative code reference number.

Summarize the documentation requirements from The Joint Commission, including the standard and section (only for hospital-based care).

Describe the reimbursement method for the healthcare setting.

Describe a minimum of two coding or classifications systems utilized.

Summarize at least one commonly reported database associated with the health care setting.

Identify a minimum of two job opportunities at that setting for registered health information management administrators (RHIA). For each job opportunity selected, include the following (Do not copy and paste):

Position title

Salary or salary range

Educational requirements

Experience requirements

In a particular year, 68% of online courses taught at a system of community colleges were taught by full-time faculty. To test if 68% also represents a particular state's percent for full-time faculty teaching the online classes, a particular community college from that state was randomly selected for comparison. In that same year, 33 of the 44 online courses at this particular community college were taught by full-time faculty. Conduct a hypothesis test at the 5% level to determine if 68% represents the state in question.

Note: If you are using a Student's t-distribution for the problem, you may assume that the underlying population is normally distributed. (In general, you must first prove that assumption, though.)
1. State the distribution to use for the test. (Round your standard deviation to four decimal places.)
P' ~

2. What is the test statistic? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

3. What is the p-value? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

4. Alpha:

5. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the true proportion. Sketch the graph of the situation. Label the point estimate and the lower and upper bounds of the confidence interval. (Round your answers to four decimal places.)

Can you please tell me what more information I need to provide to solve below problem?

1. Find out below using R

Hints: Use iris dataset from R (built in data set in R)

a) Create a new data frame called virginica.versicolor (that only contains these two species)

the command I used:

virginica.versicolor <- iris[iris$Species %in% c("versicolor", "virginica"), ]

b) What is your null hypothesis regarding sepal lengths for the two species (virginica.versicolor) ? And what is your alternate hypothesis?

c) Describe your hypotheses in terms of your test statistic: what would be the t under the null hypothesis, H₀, and what would be the statement about t under your alternate hypothesis Ha?

d) Would you do a one- or non-(i.e., two-sided) directional test? Why?

e) Conduct a Student’s t-test using the formula format as follows:

t.test(sepal.length ~ species, data = virginica.versicolor, var.equal = T).

f) Explain what the three different sections do within the t.test() function.

g) Did your function run a one- or non-directional test?

h) What is your t-value? Based on the results of your t-test, what is your conclusion and why?

a. A consumer’s MRSxy is currently equal to 6. The consumer is currently consuming 12 units of X and 10 units of Y. Would the consumer prefer another market basket consisting of 13 units of X and 7 units of Y?

Explain carefully, you may draw a diagram to support your answer.

b. Draw a carefully labeled graph showing the consumer’s optimal combination of two goods.

c. State the equation that holds true at the optimal point.

d. Explain what this equation means in words that could be understood by someone who is not taking the class.