What is the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of spending $120,000 today on law school assuming you made $50,000/year before going to law school and $55,000/year for the next 35 years after law school? Assume you could invest this money elsewhere and earn 13%? with financial calculator

answer NPV = ($82,072.14); IRR = 2.26%

Josh Garrett is Head of Packaging and Distribution at Biotech Health and Life Products (Biotech). Josh is in charge of all of the branches the company has throughout the world.

Josh has been reviewing cost reports for the different branches. He is concerned with some of the results. His main concern is with the rising costs of unskilled labor at the Germany branch. Many of the employees in the Packaging Department are classified as unskilled laborers making minimum wage. Josh decided to research the matter further and found that the current US federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour, which has not changed since 2009. Interestingly, the German government recently raised its minimum hourly wage by 4% to 8.84 euros per hour ($9.79 – USD). This information weighs heavily on Josh since another raise would be costly for the company.

Adding to the concern about the increase in unskilled labor costs is that distribution costs between Europe and North America have risen considerably. The shipping crisis of 2016 has caused cargo costs to rise for all transatlantic routes and with the demise of the low-cost flight service of Air Berlin, cost in Germany have increased.

Josh is a great outdoorsman and loves Iceland. It occurred to Josh that relocating the majority of the Packaging and Distribution Department from Germany to Iceland and setting up a distribution center would solve these problems because production and distribution costs would be lower in Iceland. Iceland is the halfway point in the transatlantic route. The new location would eliminate the need to ship long-distance hauls. Josh also knows that Iceland is one of the poorest countries in Europe so if part of the business is moved to Iceland, he will receive the credit for job creation in the country.

Josh decided to research Iceland as a potential location. His research showed:

All professions are exempt from minimum wage;

Salaries are determined by collective bargaining agreements with most professions paying 260,000 and 300,00 ISK or $2,600 - $3,000 a month;

Salaries are higher due to contributions to universal health care coverage;

The cost of living is higher than many other European countries;

The average wage in Iceland is approximately $3160 before taxes per month for a full-time worker;

Income tax is 37.3 percent for most people. However, income tax is higher for those workers who earn higher wages.

Josh had not expected the higher salary base but further research showed that Josh could improve the rate considerably by hiring young people between the ages of 15 and 18 who could work up to 40 hours a week since mandatory schooling ended at age 16. Josh believed he could negotiate a much lower salary.

Iceland’s teenage unemployment is higher than the country’s overall unemployment. Hourly costs are quite a bit higher than in the United States and slightly higher than in Germany. However, Josh believes the change in logistics will cut distribution costs in the Canadian and Germany branches, and will more than make up for increase in labor cost.

Josh also has a desire to help the young people of Iceland. He believes he is being socially responsible in cultivating one of the poorest European countries and its low wage earners.

Josh decides to go ahead and move most of the German production and distribution business to Iceland as well as open a new distribution center. In moving to Iceland, Josh decides to exclusively staff young workers and let the workers go before they reached the age of 19 prior to the time when the worker’s contract had to be renegotiated.

In Iceland, employees fall within one of two classification, young workers and adults.

A young worker is anyone under the age of 24. An adult is a worker over 24.

Young workers include youth, children and adolescent workers.

Youth are those under 18 years of age.

A child is an individual under the age of 15 and still in compulsory school.

An adolescent is an individual under the age of 15 but not in compulsory school.

Young workers are subject to restrictions dependent upon the type of work, the work environment and times worked.

Youth unemployment tends to be extremely high. Youth can only work part-time since a person must be 18 years of age to work full-time.

Josh’s plan came under dispute when two recent lay-offs brought his employment practice to the attention of the staff who believed that Josh’s employment practices were unethical. The workers feel Josh is trying to use the system to avoid paying workers a fair wage and stopping workers from gaining full-time employment since after the age of 18, a worker’s contract must be renegotiated.

If the matter is not quickly settled, the workers will go to the Collective to ask for higher wages and request a guarantee of full-time employment when they reach the age of 19.

The workers have also questioned the company’s policy of paying different wages for the same job in different worldwide locations.

The company has always had a policy of ensuring fair wages dependent upon the country in which the company operates. However, if workers go to the Collective, the company will have to pay more money than is reasonable for unskilled labor costs, and will compromise the move to Iceland. Josh knows the higher labor cost will negatively affect the company financially. Added to his concerns is that he knows that unskilled workers within Biotech make different wage amounts, especially in Germany, Mexico and the United States. In these locations, wages are much lower. Josh thought to himself, “is it fair that the workers in other countries are making so much less than the workers in Iceland?”

Instructions

Step 1:  Write the Introduction

Create the introductory paragraph.  The introductory paragraph is the first paragraph of the paper and tells a reader the main points covered in the paper. To help you know how to write an introduction, view this website to learn how to write an introductory paragraph:  http://www.writing.ucsb.edu/faculty/donelan/intro.html

Step 2:  Answer the following

Assume Josh’s employment practices are unethical.

Explain the meaning of an ethical issue;

Identify and explain the ethical issue in the case scenario using the course material to support the reasoning and conclusions made;

Identify the one non-ethical issue in the case scenario. Explain why.

Identify and explain the ethical dilemma. Use the course material to support the reasoning and conclusions made;

Define ethical relativism and moral universalism;

Does this case scenario illustrate ethical relativism or moral universalism? Explain why or why not.

On January 1, 2019, Parkway Company adopted a defined benefit pension plan. At that time, Parkway awarded retroactive benefits to its employees, resulting in a prior service cost of $2,180,000 on that date (which it did not fund). Parkway decided to amortize this cost by the straight-line method over the 16-year average remaining service life of its active participating employees. Parkway’s actuary and funding agency have also provided the following additional information for 2019 and 2020:

*Due to the prior service cost

Parkway contributed $670,000 and $700,000 to the pension fund at the end of 2019 and 2020, respectively. There are no other components of Parkway’s pension expense. At the end of 2020, the projected benefit obligation was $3,359,800 and the fair value of the pension plan assets was $1,430,300.

Required:

CHART OF ACCOUNTSParkway CompanyGeneral Ledger

Compute the amount of Parkway’s pension expense for 2019 and 2020.

2. Prepare the entries to record prior service cost on January 1, 2019, and the pension expense and amortization of prior service costs on December 31, 2019 and 2020.

General Journal Instructions

PAGE 2019

GENERAL JOURNAL

2. Prepare the entries to record prior service cost on January 1, 2019, and the pension expense and amortization of prior service costs on December 31, 2019 and 2020.

General Journal Instructions

PAGE 2020

GENERAL JOURNAL

3. What is the total accrued/prepaid pension cost at the end of 2020?

Is it an asset or liability?

This paper aims to test the module ILOs using a practical real-life case-study. In this case study, you are going to play the role of an analyst for one of the corporates, let us call it Company-Z. Therefore, let us first introduce the case-study random variables:  is the Company-Z monthly revenue along the period Pre-COVID-19(January 2018 to December 2019);  is the same Company-Z monthly revenue but during the period Post-COVID-19(March 2020 to September 2020);  is the monthly operations cost during the period Pre-COVID-19(January 2018 to December 2019); while  is the same monthly operations cost but during the period Post-COVID-19(March 2020 to September 2020). Accordingly, in your analysis, you will depend on two main random variables over two time series. The first random variable is the Company-Z monthly revenue , and the second random variable is the Company-Z monthly operations cost . The two random variables were chosen over two periods of time: the first is (Pre-COVID-19: January 2018 to December 2019), and the second is (Post-COVID-19: March 2020 to September 2020).  Your task is to prepare a comprehensive report to the company, fulfilling specific requirements outlined below in point (3). using this data

What is the appropriate technique to test the following two hypotheses arguing: that the population mean of the monthly operations cost is 0.9 times the value of the average monthly operations cost during the period Pre-COVID-19 , and the population mean of the monthly operations cost is 1.3 times the value of the average monthly operations cost during the period Post-COVID-19 . Write thefull analytical stepsto find the appropriate decision for both hypotheses, as well as comment on the results?     use the confidence level 99 percent

Problem Set 1: The paired-samples t test Research Scenario: Children who experience chronic pain as a result of medical procedures are the focus of a psychiatrist’s study. Specifically, the psychiatrist wants to measure whether a new program helps decrease feelings of chronic pain in the short-term. She measures children’s self-reports of pain levels before treatment on a standardized scale with a range of 0-10, with 10 being the most severe. She then administers the new program, and measures children’s pain levels after treatment. The data are contained in the table below. Does the new treatment decrease self-reported levels of chronic pain? Using this table, enter the data into a new SPSS data file and run a paired-samples t test to test the claim that the new program decreases self-reported levels of chronic pain. Follow the directions below the table to complete the homework.

Write an APA-style Results section based on your analysis. Include your boxplot as an APA-style figure as demonstrated in the APA writing presentation.

Problem Set 2: The paired-samples t test

Research Scenario: A social worker in a rural school district is interested in how a new program is affecting the number of days that high school students are truant from school (i.e. absent without permission from parents, doctor, etc.). She takes a sample of 15 students from school records and notes the number of days truant in the year before the program and the year after the program. The data are listed in the table below.

Using this table, enter the data into a new SPSS data file and run a paired-samples t test to test the claim that there is a difference in the number of truant days before and after the program was implemented. Follow the directions below the table to complete the homework.

Write an APA-style Results section based on your analysis. Include your boxplot as an APA-style figure as demonstrated in the APA writing presentation.

Multiple –Choice: Choose the letter that best fits the statements provided.

1. These are set of independent organizations that eases the transfer of ownership of the product from the point of production to the point of consumptions.

1. Promotion stratgey
2. Product development strategy
3. Channels of distribution strategy
4. Pricing strategy

2. The final activity in the distribution process of the goods along the channel process is actually on the_______________ channel.

1. Manufacturer
2. Distributor and wholesaler
3. Retailer
4. End User

3. ABS- CBN Merchandizing of their top rating teleseryes are personalized product that serves as memorabilia for their avid viewers of their shows and these are normally available only in all SM outlets in the metro.This shows a whatb type of supply chain width?

1. Exclusive distribution
2. Selective distribution
3. Intensive distribution
4. Aggressive distribution

4. Coca Cola Bottling corporation o the brand leader coke utilize a heavy distribution pattern allowing all available distributor to sell their products. From your observation, what is the distribution strategy of coke softdrinks?

1. Selective distribution
2. Massive and intensive distribution
3. Exclusive distribution
4. Collective distribution

Parker, Inc., acquires 70 percent of Sawyer Company for $420,000. The remaining 30 percent of Sawyer’s outstanding shares continue to trade at a collective value of $174,000. On the acquisition date, Sawyer has the following accounts: Book Value Fair Value Current assets $ 210,000 $ 210,000 Land 170,000 180,000 Buildings 300,000 330,000 Liabilities (280,000 ) (280,000 ) The buildings have a 10-year remaining life. In addition, Sawyer holds a patent worth $140,000 that has a five-year remaining life but is not recorded on its financial records. At the end of the year, the two companies report the following balances: Parker Sawyer Revenues $ (900,000 ) $ (600,000 ) Expenses 600,000 400,000 Assume that the acquisition took place on January 1. What figures would appear in a consolidated income statement for this year? Assume that the acquisition took place on April 1. Sawyer’s revenues and expenses occurred uniformly throughout the year. What amounts would appear in a consolidated income statement for this year?

The opening statement on the website of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) says its members seek “. . . to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.” To achieve this goal, OPEC attempts to coordinate and unify petroleum policies by raising or lowering its members’ collective oil production. However, increased production by Russia, Oman, Mexico, Norway, and other non-OPEC countries has placed downward pressure on the price of crude oil. To achieve its goal of stable and fair oil prices, what must OPEC do to maintain the price of oil at its desired level? Do you think this will be easy for OPEC to do? Explain.

NOTE: YOUR ANSWERS IN THIS SECTION WILL BE SUBJECTED TO A PLAGIARISM CHECK AND ANY ANSWER WITH MORE THAN 20% SIMILARITY INDEX WILL BE AWARDED ZERO POINTS. YOUR ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION SHOULD NOT BE MORE THAN ONE PAGE.