Experiment 2 – Light Independent Reaction

After the light dependent reaction, the light independent takes place. During this phase, also known as the Calvin Cycle, the energy generated in the light independent phase is used to fixate the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide and glucose is produced.

In this experiment you will use baby spinach leaves to demonstrate the utilization of carbon dioxide during the light independent reaction of photosynthesis. Phenol red is an organic dye that undergoes a color change according to pH . The color of this compound will appear as follows:

Because phenol red can be used to detect changes in pH, it can also be used as an indirect method of detecting changes in the amount of CO2 dissolved in a solution. When CO2 is added to a solution, some of it reacts with water to produce an acid called carbonic acid. In turn, some of the carbonic acid dissociates to increase the [H⁺] in the solution. Therefore, if the amount of CO2 in a solution is increased, the [H⁺] increases (pH is lowered) and the solution becomes more acidic. It also follows that if the amount of CO2 in a solution is lowered (e.g., by removal of CO2 from the solution), the [H⁺] will decrease (pH increases) and the solution becomes more basic. The chemical reactions involved are shown below.

To detect the process of carbon fixation (CO2 reduction), you will use this pH indicator to detect changes in the CO2 level.

Materials

Fresh spinach leaves

2 glass test tubes

2 - 250 ml beakers

Phenol red solution

Permanent marker or wax pencil

Water *

Sunshine or bright light source *

Stopwatch/timer

Metric ruler

Procedure

Add 20 ml of phenol red solution to 2 glass test tubes.

With your straw , blow bubbles over the top of the solution until it turns yellow. The color change occurs when the water in the phenol red solution and the CO2 are combined forming carbonic acid . Make sure that both tubes are the same shade of yellow.

Add a small leaf of baby spinach to tube 2 only

Place the 2 test tubes into sunshine or a bright light at time for 2 hours.

Record the color every ½ hour.

Questions

What is the independent variable in this experiment?

What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

What happened to the color of the solution over time?

What is the process that is occurring to make the phenol red solution change colors?

What is the function of the following components in the process of photosynthesis (this may differ than how this compounds were used in the experiment)

CO₂:

Light:

H₂O:

O₂:

Chloroplasts:

Problem 23-1 The following are Sheridan Corp.’s comparative balance sheet accounts at December 31, 2017 and 2016, with a column showing the increase (decrease) from 2016 to 2017. COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEETS 2017 2016 Increase (Decrease) Cash $806,900 $700,900 $106,000 Accounts receivable 1,131,700 1,159,400 (27,700 ) Inventory 1,842,900 1,730,100 112,800 Property, plant, and equipment 3,300,200 2,968,200 332,000 Accumulated depreciation (1,173,600 ) (1,037,600 ) (136,000 ) Investment in Myers Co. 307,300 277,000 30,300 Loan receivable 247,500 — 247,500 Total assets $6,462,900 $5,798,000 $664,900 Accounts payable $1,020,900 $950,800 $70,100 Income taxes payable 30,000 50,200 (20,200 ) Dividends payable 80,500 100,500 (20,000 ) Lease liabililty 392,000 — 392,000 Common stock, $1 par 500,000 500,000 — Paid-in capital in excess of par—common stock 1,489,000 1,489,000 — Retained earnings 2,950,500 2,707,500 243,000 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $6,462,900 $5,798,000 $664,900 Additional information: 1. On December 31, 2016, Sheridan acquired 25% of Myers Co.’s common stock for $277,000. On that date, the carrying value of Myers’s assets and liabilities, which approximated their fair values, was $1,108,000. Myers reported income of $121,200 for the year ended December 31, 2017. No dividend was paid on Myers’s common stock during the year. 2. During 2017, Sheridan loaned $291,600 to TLC Co., an unrelated company. TLC made the first semiannual principal repayment of $44,100, plus interest at 10%, on December 31, 2017. 3. On January 2, 2017, Sheridan sold equipment costing $60,000, with a carrying amount of $38,100, for $40,400 cash. 4. On December 31, 2017, Sheridan entered into a capital lease for an office building. The present value of the annual rental payments is $392,000, which equals the fair value of the building. Sheridan made the first rental payment of $59,900 when due on January 2, 2018. 5. Net income for 2017 was $323,500. 6. Sheridan declared and paid the following cash dividends for 2017 and 2016. 2017 2016 Declared December 15, 2017 December 15, 2016 Paid February 28, 2018 February 28, 2017 Amount $80,500 $100,500 Prepare a statement of cash flows for Sheridan Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2017, using the indirect method. (Show amounts that decrease cash flow with either a - sign e.g. -15,000 or in parenthesis e.g. (15,000).) SHERIDAN CORP. Statement of Cash Flows $ Adjustments to reconcile net income to $ $ $

From the information below prepare, in proper accounting form the, Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and Statement of Changes in Owners’ Equity, and Statement of Cash Flows for 2016 and 2017.

In your Income Statement Calculation, include Subtotals for EBITDA, EBIT, and EBT in addition to Net Income. You must submit your answers in either a MS Word or an MS Excel file.

ACCT – MNGT 257 Financial Management Fall 2018
Tandy Company Case Study #1 review of Financial Statements

From the information below prepare, in proper accounting form the, Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and Statement of Changes in Owners’ Equity, and Statement of Cash Flows for 2016 and 2017.

In your Income Statement Calculation, include Subtotals for EBITDA, EBIT, and EBT in addition to Net Income. You must submit your answers in either a MS Word or an MS Excel file.

Using the data for Brady and Co. below please provide:

Balance Sheet - comparative, classified in proper format for fiscal years 2015 and 2016

Income Statement - multiple-step for fiscal years 2015 and 2016. Include earnings per share data.

Statement of Retained Earnings for 2016.

SouthernSouthern

Fried Chicken bought equipment on

January

22?,2016?,

for

$ 42,000.

The equipment was expected to remain in service for four years and to perform

9,000

fry jobs. At the end of the? equipment's useful? life,

SouthernSouthern

estimates that its residual value will be

$6,000.

The equipment performed

900

jobs the first?year,

2,700

the second? year,

3,600

the third? year, and

1,800

the fourth year.

Requirements

Requirement 1. Prepare a schedule of depreciation? expense, accumulated? depreciation, and book value per year for the equipment under the three depreciation methods. Show your computations. ?Note: Three depreciation schedules must be prepared.

Begin by preparing a depreciation schedule using the? straight-line method.

Before completing the? units-of-production depreciation? schedule, calculate the depreciation expense per unit.

Prepare a depreciation schedule using the? units-of-production method.

Prepare a depreciation schedule using the? double-declining-balance (DDB) method. ?(Enter a? "0" for any items with a zero? value.)

Requirement 2. Which method tracks the wear and tear on the equipment most? closely?

The

?

method tracks wear and tear most closely.

Choose from any list or enter any number in the input fields and then continue to the next question.

The following are Sheridan Corp.’s comparative balance sheet accounts at December 31, 2017 and 2016, with a column showing the increase (decrease) from 2016 to 2017.

Additional information:

Prepare a statement of cash flows for Sheridan Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2017, using the indirect method. (Show amounts that decrease cash flow with either a - sign e.g. -15,000 or in parenthesis e.g. (15,000).)

Q#1

Fashion Company reported the following:
Common stock, $3 par, 10,000 shares authorized, 5,000 shares issued and outstanding
What is the effect of a 10% stock dividend if the market price of the common stock is $30 per share when the dividend is
declared?

a. Retained earnings in the amount of $15,000 is transferred to the contributed capital accounts.
b. Cash decreases $30,000.
c. Additional Paid-in Capital decreases $30,000.
d. A stock dividend has no effect on any stockholders' equity accounts.

Q#2

Below is information for Toronto Imports Corp. for 2015 and 2016:

Bonds payable, December 31, 2015 $500,000
Bonds payable, December 31, 2016 800,000
Loss on bond retirement--2016 15,000
Interest expense on bonds--2016 45,000
At the end of 2016, Toronto issued bonds at par value for $800,000 cash. The proceeds from these bonds were used to retire
the $500,000 bond issue outstanding at the end of 2015 (before their maturity date). All interest expense was paid in cash
during 2016.
The following statements describe how Toronto reported the cash flow effects of the items described above on its 2016
statement of cash flows. The indirect method is used to prepare the operating activities section. Which of the following has
been reported incorrectly by Toronto?

a. Payments of $560,000 were reported as a cash outflow in the investing activities section.
b. Proceeds of $800,000 from the issuance of bonds were reported as a cash inflow in the financing activities section.
c. The loss on bond retirement of $15,000 was added to net income in the operating activities section.
d. Interest expense of $45,000 was not reported separately because it is included in net income in the operating activities section.

Q#3

When using the indirect method, how is the decrease in accounts payable shown on the statement of cash flows?

a. Financing activity
b. Noncash investing and financing activity
c. Investing activity
d. Operating activity

Q#4

When using the indirect method, how is the issuance of stock to retire a long-term debt shown on a statement of cash flows?

a. Investing activity
b. Operating activity
c. Noncash investing or financing activity
d. Financing activity

Q#5

Which of the following operating activities results in a cash outflow?

a. Collecting accounts receivable
b. Making cash sales
c. Paying creditors for merchandise
d. Receiving deposits recorded as unearned revenue

The following are Wildhorse Corp.’s comparative balance sheet accounts at December 31, 2017 and 2016, with a column showing the increase (decrease) from 2016 to 2017.

Additional information:

Prepare a statement of cash flows for Wildhorse Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2017, using the indirect method. (Show amounts that decrease cash flow with either a - sign e.g. -15,000 or in parenthesis e.g. (15,000).)

Question: you will be making a game called “Snap, Crackle, Pop”, a game typically played with a group of 3 persons. Each person chooses one number and it is assigned to either 'snap', 'crackle', or 'pop'. Then the number of rounds is decided (e.g. 12). The players play the game for the predetermined number of rounds (here 12). In each round:

● if the number of the round is a multiple of the snap number, the person who chose the number will say 'snap' instead of the number of the round.

● if it is a multiple of the crackle number, they will say 'crackle' instead.

● if it is a multiple of the pop number, they will say 'pop' instead.

● if it is any combination of the three, they will say 'snapcrackle', 'snappop', 'cracklepop', or 'snapcracklepop' instead of the number of the round, depending on which of the snap, crackle, and pop numbers the current number of the round is a multiple of.

● if the number is not a multiple of snap, crackle, or pop, then the number of the round is said instead.

code to edit:

//TODOa complete this javadoc comment
/**
* [The class description]
* @author [Your Name]
* @version 1.0
*/

//TODO1: declare the SnapCracklePop class

//TODOb Complete Comments
/**
* [Instance Variable Descriptions]
*/

//TODO2 Declare private instance variables
//to store Snap, Crackle, and Pop values


//TODOc complete comments
/**
* [Constructor Description]
* @param [param name] [what the param represents]
* @param [param name] [what the param represents]
* @param [param name] [what the param represents]
*/
  
/* The constructor takes in three ints,
* which must be assigned to their instance variables and initialized.
*/

//TODO3 Write the constructor


//TODOe complete comments
/**
* [Method Description]
* @param [param name] [What the parameter represents]
* @return [What the method returns]
*/

/* playRound() is a helper method for playGame().
* It takes an int parameter representing the
* current round of play, and returns the
* String result for that specific round only.
*/

//TODO4 implement the playRound method


//TODOd complete comments
/**
* [Method Description]
* @param [param name] [What the parameter represents]
* @return [What the method returns]
*/

/* playGame() takes a single parameter representing the rounds and returns
* a String representing the result of the entire game. The helper method
* playRound() may be useful here, so you may want to complete it first.
*/

//TODO5 implement the playGame method
  
//Loop through the rounds of the game
//call playRound to handle the specific round
//return the total aggregated game results

//TODOf complete comments
/**
* [Method Description]
* @return [What this method returns]
*/

//TODO6 implement the getSnap method

//TODOg complete comments
/**
* [Method Description]
* @return [What this method returns]
*/

//TODO7 implement the getCrackle method

//TODOh complete comments
/**
* [Method Description]
* @return [What this method returns]
*/

//TODO8 implement the getPop method

//end class

code not to edit:

import java.util.*;

public class SnapCracklePopMain{

public static void main(String[] args){
  
// The scanner we will be using to accept user input
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
/* Initializing snap, crackle, pop, and round to invalid values to cause them
* to enter their respective User Input loops.
*/
int snap = -1;
int crackle = -1;
int pop = -1;
int rounds = -1;
  
// Our SnapCracklePop object
SnapCracklePop scp;
  
// Capture user input for snap, while also ensuring correctness
System.out.println("Enter an integer for your snap number.");
while(snap < 0){
System.out.println("Please enter a number greater than zero:");
try{
snap = Integer.parseInt(scan.nextLine());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("That is not a valid number. Please enter an integer greater than zero.");
}
}
  
// Capture user input for crackle, while also ensuring correctness
System.out.println("Enter an integer for your crackle number.");
while(crackle < 0){
System.out.println("Please enter a number greater than zero:");
try{
crackle = Integer.parseInt(scan.nextLine());
} catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("That is not a valid number. Please enter an integer greater than zero.");
}
}
  
// Capture user input for pop, while also ensuring correctness
System.out.println("Enter an integer for your pop number.");
while(pop < 0){
System.out.println("Please enter a number greater than zero:");
try{
pop = Integer.parseInt(scan.nextLine());
} catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("That is not a valid number. Please enter an integer greater than zero.");
}
}
  
// Initializing our SnapCracklePop object with the values we just obtained from the user
scp = new SnapCracklePop(snap, crackle, pop);
  
// Capture user input for rounds, while also ensuring correctness
System.out.println("How many rounds would you like to play?");
while(rounds < 0){
System.out.println("Please enter a number greater than zero:");
try{
rounds = Integer.parseInt(scan.nextLine());
} catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("That is not a valid number. Please enter an integer greater than zero.");
}
}
  
// Printing results
System.out.println("Results:");
System.out.println(scp.playGame(rounds));

}

}