Question 1

Bicycle frame was made with metal for many years manufactured. In the recent years, carbon fibre reinforced polymer is applied due to its responsiveness to fast roads and race conditions.
(a) Suggest TWO types of metal commonly used to make bicycle frame.

2. (b) List THREE advantages and THREE disadvantages of using carbon fiber reinforced polymer on bicycle frame over metal.

3. (c) Make a list to compare carbon fiber reinforced polymer with ONE types of metal in Part (a), which includes the following factors:

   1. (i) Correction resistance

   2. (ii) Strength

   3. (iii) Weight

   4. (iv) Cost

   5. (v) Manufacture

this week we are learning about language and cognitive development. Psychologists have been debating for quite some time about whether it is nature (heredity) or nurture (our environment) that influences our development and behavior.

Take a look at this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aNaMlSc3Ag&list=PLC6B610F325F65635 and share your perspectives on what you believe was most influential in your own development and behavior.

There can be both positive and negative correlations between variables that are statistically significant enough to validate causation.

Symmetrical data results in descriptive statistics that demonstrate little variance

In matters of ranking results on exams, and other tools to measure performance, percentiles are a good method to assess performances within a cohort.

Floors and ceilings rarely give consumers a true picture of cost paid by suppliers.

4. What is your understanding of the phrase ‘You must take responsibility for your own health?’ Using the World Health Organization (WHO) (2010) Global recommendations on physical activity for health, list and explain 4 ways you can adapt to make sure you and your students stay healthy.

Why is it important in our highly litigious society to manage electronic monitoring properly? In general, list 10 things colleges do to encourage ethical behavior by students and/or faculty. Refer to chapter 14, pages 449-478 Question on page 471. Human Resource Management 15th edition Gary Dessler

1. Groups that are selected for an ecologic study might be residents of a particular:               

A.    State

B.    County

C.    Census tract

D.    All of the above

2. Increases and decreases in the frequency of a disease within a year or over several years are known as:

A.    Secular trends

B.    Cyclic trends

C.    Point epidemic

D.    Clustering

3. Which factor(s) distinguish study designs from one another?

      A. Data collection methods

      B. Unit of observation

      C. Timing of data collection

      D. All of the above

4. An erroneous inference that may occur because an association observed between variables on an aggregate level does not necessarily reflect the association at an individual level is known as an:

A.    Ecologic Association

B.    Ecologic correlation

C.    Ecologic fallacy

D.    None of the above

5. Subjects are classified according to their exposure to a factor of interest and then are observed over time to document the incidence of disease in what type of study?                                             

A.    Prospective cohort study

B.    Case-control study

C.    Cross-sectional study

D.    Retrospective cohort study

6. Randomized controlled trials contain which of the following components?                    

A.    Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria

B.    Blinding or masking to prevent bias

C.    Comparable measurement of outcomes in treatment and control conditions

D.    All of the above

In a recent national survey, 30 Canadian adults aged 18-24 reported having used cannabis for the first time since its legalisation in 2018 compared to 68 among the 25-44-year-olds. Out of the 1500 survey respondents, 125 were 18-24-year-olds and 400 were in the 25-44 age group. The Public Health Agency has been concerned that the first time use of cannabis among the younger cohort is higher than that among the older cohort.

a) Formulate the appropriate statistical hypotheses to test if the proportion of first-time cannabis users is higher among younger adults.  

b) Perform the appropriate hypothesis test manually using the P-value approach and a 2% significance level. Make sure you verify that the relevant assumptions and conditions are met for the test.  

c) Using the corresponding confidence level, calculate a one-sided confidence interval for the difference in the proportions of first-time cannabis users among the two age groups.  

d) Are the results from b) and c) above consistent and why?

e) Use Minitab or other appropriate software to perform the calculations in b) and c) and comment on any differences.

Please show your calculations and steps. In a recent national survey, 30 Canadian adults aged 18-24 reported having used cannabis for the first time since its legalisation in 2018 compared to 68 among the 25-44-year-olds. Out of the 1500 survey respondents, 125 were 18-24-year-olds and 400 were in the 25-44 age group. The Public Health Agency has been concerned that the first time use of cannabis among the younger cohort is higher than that among the older cohort.

a) Formulate the appropriate statistical hypotheses to test if the proportion of first-time cannabis users is higher among younger adults.

b) Perform the appropriate hypothesis test manually using the P-value approach and a 2% significance level. Make sure you verify that the relevant assumptions and conditions are met for the test.

c) Using the corresponding confidence level, calculate a one-sided confidence interval for the difference in the proportions of first-time cannabis users among the two age groups.

d) Are the results from b) and c) above consistent and why? e) Use Minitab or other appropriate software to perform the calculations in b) and c) and comment on any differences.

Question 2 : Aggregate Scores: Write a program that opens 2 files, quiz.txt, and hw.txt. The program will
read each file and aggregate these values into the associated class variables. Using a list of Students, the
program keeps track of each student's scores. The program will then write out to the scores.txt file, the
students score in homework, quizzes, and their overall score. Related input files.
Each student is supposed to have 3 quiz scores and 3 homework scores. If a score is not present in the file,
then it defaults to 0 points.
Files will be formatted as a Name followed by a tab followed by a score.
Note: Refer to the Pre-Lab for the student class, and how to work with classes.
How to Calculate Grades:
Homework Percent can thus be calculated as:
Homework_Points/3
Quiz Percent can be calculated in the same way:
Quiz_Points/3
Student’s overall score will be computed using the following formula
HW_Score_Percent * .5 + Quiz_Score_Percent * .5
These scores work as each assignment is out of 100. Thus the homework percent is calculated as
hw_percent = student.HW/300 * 100, which equals hw_percent = student.HW/3
Required Design Schematic:
You must use the Student class. You must use a list of students. You must not use global variables.
● Write a function find_student(student_list, name)
o Either returns a student or an index to the student in the list
o Should return None if a student with name is not found
● Write a function get_HW_Scores(file_name, student_list)
o Opens the file
o Reads the file
▪ Divide the line into a name and score
▪ Finds the student
▪ Adds the score to the students homework score
o Closes the file
● Write a function get_Quiz_Scores (file_name, student_list)
o Opens the file
o Reads the file
▪ Divide the line into a name and score
▪ Finds the student
▪ Adds the score to the students quiz score
o Closes the file
● Write a function assign_grade(score)
o Returns a string containing a letter grade matching the percent, see the week 3 lab for scoring
brackets
o Feel free to copy your lab function for use here
● Write a function output_Scores(student_list)
o Opens the file scores.txt
o Loops over every student in the list
▪ Writes the students name + "\n"
▪ Writes "HW_Percent: " + str(hw_percent) + "% \n"
▪ Writes "Quiz_Percent: " + str(quiz_percent) + "% \n"
▪ Calculate num to be the overall score for the student
▪ Writes "Overall: " + str(num) + "%" "(" + assign_grade(num) + ")" + "\n"
o Closes the file
● Write a function main to call the above and other functions as needed to complete the task
Note: You are allowed to create as many helper functions as you need.
Sample Input File:
Apple 100
Cube 69
Apple 100
Cube 50
Apple 100
Circle 85
Circle 89
Circle 88
Sample Output File:
Apple
HW_Percent: 100.0%
Quiz_Percent: 83.33333333333333%
Overall: 91.66666666666666%(A-)
Cube