As the winter passes, the Earth spins as usual around the Sun. On a cold February night just past midnight, a lone astronomer spots an unusual object in the starlit sky. Near the far end of the constellation of Draco, north of the star HD 91190, there appeared a faint reflective anomaly. After careful observation over the next few hours, the astronomer noticed that the object was very close to Earth. Jotting down the coordinates and times, the astronomer came up with spherical coordinates
Feb 28th -> (x,y,z) = (1.16 x 108 km, 6.05 x 108 km , 38.54 x 108 km )
After many days of careful observation, the astronomer found that the object was indeed moving! By the middle of May, the astronomer was observing the object at:
May 15th -> (x,y,z) = (1.05 x 108 km, 5.73 x 108 km , 38.28 x 108 km )
Now, with this information, we must decide if this object will come close enough to Earth that it could collide. There are some other equations that are needed, in particular, the orbit of Earth:
r = 1.52 x 108 / (1 + 0.0167 * cos(θ)) km
where θ is in degrees, found from Earth's rotation around the Sun. Thus, 0⁰ is Dec 21st, the Winter Solstice, and 180⁰ is June 21st, the Summer Solstice.
Find a set of parametric equations, using the Earth's position as the origin for each of the object's observations (it will change for each date).
Given this information, and assuming near-linear travel for the unknown object
1. How fast is the object moving?
2. In what direction is the object moving?
3. All of the planets in the Solar System are moving in on a nearly flat plane. How long until this object enters into that plane?
4. Does it seem like this object will hit Earth? Why or why not?
In: Physics
#40
The quantity of dissolved oxygen is a measure of water pollution in lakes, rivers, and streams. Water samples were taken at four different locations in a river in an effort to determine if water pollution varied from location to location. Location I was 500 meters above an industrial plant water discharge point and near the shore. Location II was 200 meters above the discharge point and in midstream. Location III was 50 meters downstream from the discharge point and near the shore. Location IV was 200 meters downstream from the discharge point and in midstream. The following table shows the results. Lower dissolved oxygen readings mean more pollution. Because of the difficulty in getting midstream samples, ecology students collecting the data had fewer of these samples. Use a 5% level of significance. Do we reject or not reject the claim that the quantity of dissolved oxygen does not vary from one location to another?
| Location I | Location II | Location III | Location IV |
| 7.3 | 6.6 | 4.6 | 4.8 |
| 6.2 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 5.1 |
| 7.4 | 7.6 | 4.8 | 6.9 |
| 6.5 | 8.2 | 5.6 | |
| 6.8 | 4.3 |
(b) Find SSTOT, SSBET, and SSW and check that SSTOT = SSBET + SSW. (Use 3 decimal places.)
| SSTOT | = | |
| SSBET | = | |
| SSW | = |
Find d.f.BET, d.f.W,
MSBET, and MSW. (Use 3 decimal
places for MSBET, and
MSW.)
| dfBET | = | |
| dfW | = | |
| MSBET | = | |
| MSW | = |
Find the value of the sample F statistic. (Use 3 decimal
places.)
What are the degrees of freedom?
(numerator)
(denominator)
(f) Make a summary table for your ANOVA test.
| Source of Variation |
Sum of Squares |
Degrees of Freedom |
MS | F Ratio |
P Value | Test Decision |
| Between groups | p-value < 0.001 | ---Select--- Do not reject H0. Reject H0. | ||||
| Within groups | ||||||
| Total |
In: Statistics and Probability
Write paraphrase of this:
Task2:
Noise and Air pollution Caused during Highway Construction and
their mitigation measure
Noise Pollution
At the time of highway construction heavy loaded vehicle with
material moved so these vehicle create a noise and air pollution
due to suspension dust in to the atmosphere .
Fluctuation in traffic is considered as a significant environmental
predictor for physical inactivity. The unfit vehicles, engines,
cylinders, and horns create the noise and air pollution. Traffic
noise pollution along with faulty design and construction of
buildings near by roads create physical and mental disturbance and
other problems for residents. The traffic noise annoyance is
related to lower physical activity.
Mitigation Measure for Noise pollution
We can Reduce Noise pollution by turning off appliances when not in
use, use of earplugs, lowering the volume, planting more trees,
regular maintenance of vehicles and machines etc. By controlling
noise we can control negative health effects that noise pollution
has on everyone.
Air pollution
The traffic congestion caused by construction activities and the
materials and equipment used in construction may aggravate the air
quality problem in non-attainment areas.
Concentrations of air pollutants and adverse respiratory health
effects are greater near the road than at some distance away from
the road. Road dust kicked up by vehicles may trigger allergic
reactions. Carbon dioxide is non-toxic to humans but is a major
greenhouse gas and motor vehicle emissions are an important
contributor to the growth of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere
and therefore to global warming.
Mitigation measure for air pollution
Construction areas should be enclosed, wherever possible. Green
belt along the ROW goes a long way to reduce air/noise pollution
effects.
Continuous maintenance of construction site and upkeep of highway
will maintain traffic flow and will help to reduce air pollution
effects.
In: Civil Engineering
What is Pension Cost? What is the accounting treatment of pension cost
In: Accounting
What is the difference between mfg. cost and non-mfg. cost?
In: Accounting
Estimating Cost of Equity Capital and Weighted Average Cost of Capital
The December 31, 2015, partial financial statements taken from the annual report for AT&T Inc. (T ) follow.
| Consolidated Statements of Income | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dollars in millions except per share amounts | 2015 | 2014 |
| Operating revenues | ||
| Service | $ 131,677 | $ 118,437 |
| Equipment | 15,124 | 14,010 |
| Total operating revenues | 146,801 | 132,447 |
| Operating expenses | ||
| Equipment | 19,268 | 18,946 |
| Broadcast, programming and operations | 11,996 | 4,075 |
| Other cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization show separately below) | 35,782 | 37,124 |
| Selling, general and administrative | 32,954 | 39,697 |
| Abandonment of network assets | -- | 2,120 |
| Depreciation and amortization | 22,016 | 18,273 |
| Total operating expenses | 122,016 | 120,235 |
| Operating income | 24,785 | 12,212 |
| Other income (expense): | ||
| Interest expense | (4,120) | (3,613) |
| Equity in net income of affiliates | 79 | 175 |
| Other income (expense) - net | (52) | 1,581 |
| Total other income (expense) | (4,093) | (1,857) |
| Income before income taxes | 20,692 | 10,355 |
| Income tax expense | 7,005 | 3,619 |
| Net income | $ 13,687 | $ 6,736 |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets -- Liabilities and Equity Sections | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dollars in millions except per share amounts, December 31 | 2015 | 2014 |
| Current liabilities | ||
| Debt maturing within one year | $ 7,636 | $ 6,056 |
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 30,372 | 23,592 |
| Advanced billed and customer deposits | 4,682 | 4,105 |
| Accrued taxes | 2,176 | 1,091 |
| Dividends payable | 2,950 | 2,438 |
| Total current liabilities | 47,816 | 37,282 |
| Long-term debt | 118,515 | 75,778 |
| Deferred credits and other noncurrent liabilities: | ||
| Deferred income taxes | 56,181 | 38,436 |
| Post employment benefit obligation | 34,262 | 37,079 |
| Other noncurrent liabilities | 22,258 | 17,989 |
| Total deferred credits and other noncurrent liabilities | 112,701 | 93,504 |
| Stockholders' equity | ||
| Common stock ($1 par value, 14,000,000,000 authorized atDecember 31, 2015 and 2014; issued 6,495,231,088 atDecember 31, 2015 and 2014) | 6,495 | 6,495 |
| Additional paid-in capital | 89,763 | 91,108 |
| Retained earnings | 33,671 | 31,081 |
| Treasury stock (350,291,239 at December 31, 2015 and1,308,318,131 at December 31, 2014, at cost) | (12,592) | (47,029) |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 5,334 | 8,061 |
| Noncontrolling interest | 969 | 554 |
| Total stockholders' equity | 123,640 | 90,270 |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ 402,672 | $296,834 |
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity -- Excerpts | 2015 | |
|---|---|---|
| Amount in millions except per share amounts, December 31 | Shares | Amounts |
| Common Stock | ||
| Balance at beginning of year | 6,495 | $ 6,495 |
| Issuance of stock | -- | -- |
| Balance at end of year | 6,495 | $ 6,495 |
| Additional Paid-In-Capital | ||
| Balance at beginning of year | $ 91,108 | |
| Issuance of treasury stock | (1,597) | |
| Share-based payments | 252 | |
| Change related to acquisition of interests held by noncontrolling owners | -- | |
| Balance at end of year | $ 89,763 | |
| Retained Earnings | ||
| Balance at beginning of year | $31,081 | |
| Net income attributable to AT&T ($2.37, $1.24 and $3.42 per diluted share)) | 13,345 | |
| Dividends to stockholders ($1.89, $1.85 and $1.81 per share) | (10,755) | |
| Balance at end of year | $ 33,671 | |
| Treasury stock | ||
| Balance at beginning of year | (1,308) | $(47,029) |
| Repurchase of common stock | (8) | (278) |
| Issuance of treasury stock | 966 | 34,715 |
| Balance at end of year | (350) | $(12,592) |
| In mid 2016, Yahoo reports that AT&T has a market beta of: | 0.34 |
| and that its closing stock price at the end of 2015 was: | $34.41 |
| AT&T's statutory tax rate is: | 35% |
(a) Explain what AT&T’s market beta of 0.34 implies regarding its stock price volatility
It implies that the stock of AT&T is a very stable stock.
It implies that the stock of AT&T is a very volatile stock.
It implies that the stock of AT&T moves the same as the market index.
(b) Assume that the market risk premium equals 5% and that the risk-free rate equals 2.5%. Estimate AT&T’s cost of equity capital using the CAPM model. Round answer to one decimal place.
Answer%
(c) Footnote 10 of AT&T’s 10-K reports that the market value of its debt is approximately $131.701 billion. Assume that the company’s after-tax cost of debt is 2.49%. Using this information, estimate AT&T’s weighted average cost of capital.
Round your computation for the intrinsic value of equity to nearest million; then do not round until your final answer. Round final answer to one decimal place.
WACC = Answer%
In: Accounting
In: Finance
Which of the following is NOT true about the cost of quality?
In: Operations Management
What are the similarities in calculating the cost of materials used in production, the cost of goods manufactured, and the cost of goods sold?
In: Accounting
What is the meaning of cost of equity? Who pays this cost of equity and to whom? How do you calculate the cost of equity?
In: Finance