2. The average distance between two neighboring stars in our galaxy is about 5 light-years. (a)

How many years would it take the Voyager 1 Space Probe to travel 5 light-years?

(b) If an alien civilization built a spaceship that can travel 5 light-years in 1000 years. How many kilometers does this spaceship travel in 1 second? (hint: Google “how far is 1 light-year”)
3. (a) How many minutes would it take the alien spaceship in question 2 to go from Earth to the moon?

(b) How many minutes would it take Voyager 1 to travel the same distance? (hint: Google “average distance between Earth and Moon”)

Create properly formatted script file (Initials_Final_pb_02.m) that will prompt the user to input a 1-D array of numbers (positive, negative, zero) and then use loop and conditional statement to find the number of all non-zero elements in this array and their products

Do NOT use the built-in commands such as sum, prod, length, size, … etc.

-        Use proper names for input and output variables.

Use the following 3 vectors to test your function and include the results as a commented text at the end of your script file. [3 -1 0 -4 2], [10 -15 20 -15 0], [1 0 -2 5 -2 3]

Format the output using fprintf similar to the following:

There are 4 non-zero numbers and their product is 24

Use this constant dictionary as a global variable:

tile_dict = { 'A': 1, 'B': 3, 'C': 3, 'D': 2, 'E': 1, 'F': 4, 'G': 2, 'H': 4, 'I': 1, 'J': 8, 'K': 5, 'L': 1, 'M': 3, 'N': 1, 'O': 1, 'P': 3, 'Q': 10, 'R': 1, 'S': 1, 'T': 1, 'U': 1, 'V': 4, 'W': 4, 'X': 8, 'Y': 4, 'Z': 10 }

Implement function scrabblePoints(word) that returns the calculated points for the word based on the tile_dict above. The word parameter is a string. This function takes the string and evaluates the points based on each letter in the word (points per letter is set by the global dictionary). P or p is worth the same points. No points calculated for anything that is not A-Z or a-z.

[You may use upper() and isalpha() ONLY and no other method or built-in function]

Examples:

word = “PYTHON”

print(scrabblePoints(word))

returns:

14

word = “hello!!”

print(scrabblePoints(word))

returns:

8

word = “@#$=!!”

print(scrabblePoints(word))

returns:

0

Note: This function relies on scrabblePoints. Function you solved in Question 2.

Implement function declareWinner(player1Word = “skip”, player2Word = “skip”) that returns either “Player 1 Wins!”, “Player 2 Wins!”, “It’s a Tie”, “Player 1 Skipped Round”, “Player 2 Skipped Round”, “Both Players Skipped Round”. The player1Word and player2Word parameters are both type string. Assume input is always valid. This function should call on the function scrabblePoints to earn credit.

[No built-in function or method needed]

Examples:

player1Word = “PYTHON”

player2Word = “Pizza”

     print(declareWinner(player1Word, player2Word))

     returns:           

     Player 2 Wins!

              print(declareWinner(player1Word))

              returns:           

              Player 2 Skipped Round

please use python to solve this problem.

Math and String operations
Write a script to perform various basic math and string operations. Use some functions from Python's math module. Generate formatted output.

Basic math and string operations
Calculate and print the final value of each variable.

a equals 3 to the power of 2.5
b equals 2 b equals b + 3 (use +=)
c equals 12 c = c divided by 4 (use /=)
d equals the remainder of 5 divided by 3
Built-in functions abs, round, and min
Use abs, round, and min to calculate some values. These are all Python built in functions (see: BIF ).

Print the difference between 5 and 7.
Print 3.14159 rounded to 4 decimal places.
Print 186282 rounded to the nearest hundred.
Print the minimum of 6, -9, -3, 0
Functions from the math module
Use some functions from Pythons math module to perform some calculations.

Ask the user for a number (test with the value 7.6).
Print the square root of the number, rounded to two decimal places (include an appropriate description).
Print the base-10 log of the number, rounded to two decimal places (include an appropriate description)
(see https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html).
Complex numbers
Do a calculation with complex numbers. Note that, while you might be familiar with the notation convention commonly used within mathematics for complex numbers (z = a + bi), Python uses the notation convention used in electromagnetism and electrical engineering (z = a + bj).

Assign z1 the value of 4 + 3j
Assign z2 the value of 2 + 2j
Assign z3 the value of z1 times z2
Print the value of z3
Add the following at the end of the script to show your results

Zerox Corporation, a manufacturer of office equipment, is headquartered in Connecticut. Zerox stock (ZRX) is traded on all major exchanges. The price of common stock has languished in the $7-9 range, for the past several years. Annual sales are $18 billion. Zerox has been subject to intense domestic and internal competition in recent years, especially in the Office Copier Division (OCD). In response to the competition, OCD has changed the models of the copiers more frequently. In the past, any of the copier models were expected to remain in the market for 5 to 7 years. In response to the competition, OCD is changing each model in their product line every 3 to 5 years. This competitive tactic has increased market share. However, there has been a decline in productivity of repairing machines that are in the field. The Repair and Maintenance Operations (RMO) unit provided a detailed report on declining repair productivity. Their findings state that the more frequent introduction of new copier models, to replace existing models, has created a lack of familiarity in repairing copiers. The RMO report indicates that learning-by-doing has suffered. Statistical models of the learning curve indicate a 20% decline in productivity because of the frequent introduction of new models. The current labor costs for field repair and maintenance is $7,000,000 annually and is expected to stay at that level for several years. TRAINING EDGE The OCD problem, as described above, was turned over to the Professional Training (PT) unit of Zerox. PT has responded with a program proposal called the Training Edge. The proposal requires state-of-the-arts training for all field repair personnel. PT estimates that the Training Edge program will immediately restore the 20% loss of labor productivity. In other words, if you accept the project the loss of productivity goes away. Training Edge will require repair personnel to engage in five-day training programs annually to review the technical aspects of new copier models. The program will include virtual reality labs, physical repair labs, training videos, and manuals. A training center is also proposed at a site near corporate HQ, which is owned by Zerox and managed my Zerox Land. The building is currently leased for $575,000 annually. Fortunately, the lease expires soon. The lease provides a five-year option to renew at $575,000 annually, but can be cancelled by either party. Zerox can cancel the lease, which would provide an excellent training facility, though the current tenant would like to renew the lease. PT commissioned a study by Tonka Associates to consider retrofitting the building for training. The Tonka Associates study indicates that the lab space, classroom space, etc. will cost $900,000 to retrofit the building. Tonka was paid $47,000 for the study. PT estimates that annual operating expenses for Training Edge are: Videos $40,000 Training Manuals 20,000 Instructors 100,000 Instructional Material 5,000 Additionally, hotel-food-travel expenses for students visiting the training center from the several districts of OCD are estimated as $90,000 annually. THE FINANCIAL DECISION OCD is delighted with the concept of Training Edge. They have asked PT to develop a financial justification for the program. OCD wants the proposal to cover only the next five years, since senior Zerox management intends to sell the OCD at that time. The corporate tax rate is 35%. The training center building is fully depreciated. However, the retrofitting of the building is considered a capital improvement. It will be depreciated over the next three years on a straight-line depreciation basis. After "initial investments" today (retrofitting and so forth) all annual benefits and costs are assumed to occur at the end of the year, for each year over five years. Training Edge terminates at the end of five years and there are no salvage costs, etc., incurred at the end of the program. The required return for Zerox is 16%.

Your company, Deep Rock Mining LLC, is considering an expansion of operations into iron ore mining. Your engineers have just completed a 6-month survey designed to determine whether or not a viable mining operation can be mounted on a particular piece of land. This survey cost $500,000 to complete. The results of the survey, along with several other pieces of information, are detailed below:

Survey Results

:•Your engineers estimate that there are 650,000-700,000 tons of recoverable iron ore underneath this land.

Investment in CapEx:

•If you choose to move forward with the project, you will need to invest in several new pieces of mining equipment. The cost of this new equipment is $10,000,000.•This equipment will need to be manufactured to your specific needs. Design and construction of this equipment will take one year.Payment is due upon delivery of the new equipment to your site at the end of this year.•Once the equipment is built, it will need to be transported and installed onsite at an additional cost of $1,500,000.•An additional $500,000 will need to be spent to prepare the site itself for the installation of the new equipment. This includes grading the land, running electrical and water lines, ensuring proper drainage, and making sure all environmental requirements are followed.

Operations:

•After the equipment has been installed on site at the end of Year 1, mining operations will commence in Year 2. Your team estimates you can produce 125,000 tons of ore in the first year of mining operations.•The amount of ore produced will remain constant for the first four years of operations at 125,000 tons per year.•Beginning with the 5thyear of mining operations, as the easier-to-access ore becomes more scarce, your team estimates that the amount of ore produced will begin to decrease by 60% per year, relative to the year prior. This will continue for three years.•After the 7thyear of mining operations, it is estimated that the mine will no longer be viable and will be shut down.

Accounting Assumptions:

•For the purposes of this analysis, the price of ore is assumed to remain constant for the life of the project. Iron ore currently sells for $125/ton.•The operating costs to extract the ore are estimated to be $70 per ton for the life of the project.•In addition to the variable operating costs just outlined, there will be additional fixed costs of $750,000each year the active mining operations are taking placeif you move forward with this project.•The investment in equipment and any appropriate associated costs will be depreciated straight-line over 7years, to an assumed salvage value of zero for accounting purposes. •Despite the depreciation assumptions stated earlier, you expect that, at the end of the project’s life, you will be able to sell the equipment involved in the project for $2,000,000.•During the first year of the project, while the mining equipment is being built, the project will require an additional investment in net working capital of $1,000,000. This level of working capital will remain constant for the life of the project. At the end of the project’s life, the full amount of this working capital will be recovered (reduced to $0).•The tax rate is assumed to be 30%. Your firm’s cost of capital is 14%.•All revenues and expenses will be accounted for and recognized at the end of the period in which they take place.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

1.Forecast the incremental free cash flows that will result from an investment in this project.

2.Based upon the cash flows calculated in question1, what is the NPV of this project?

3.A significant source of uncertainty in this project lies in the base case assumptions made surrounding the prevailing price of iron ore, assumed to be $125/ton, and the costs of production, assumed to be $70/ton.Perform the following sensitivity analysis to give your board a better sense of just how much margin for error there is in this project.

a.Holding all other assumptions constant, what is the NPV break-even price of iron ore for this project.? Put another way, what price of iron ore must be realized throughout the life of this project to result in an NPV of zero?

b.Holding all other assumptions constant, what is the NPV break-even level of production costs?

• Cell membranes in reindeer legs (near the hooves) are kept flexible because they have a large number of saturated fatty acids.
• Cell membranes in cold-tolerant winter wheat plants have a higher ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids than do cold-intolerant wheat varieties.
• A plant that produces more monounsaturated fatty acids than polyunsaturated fatty acids in its membranes in winter has an increased resistance to freeze damage.
• Yeast cells that produce more unsaturated fatty acids than saturated fatty acids in response to cold have greater cold tolerance.

Walter's mother, Louise, has lost her home in a flood. Walter wants to make sure that his mother has somewhere to live for her remaining years and wants to allow her to have an ownership interest. Walter owns a plot of land near where his mother's home used to be. Walter wants to offer the land to his mother to own. However, Walter also wants to retain an ownership interest, so that he can build his own retirement home there one day. Explain what type of ownership interest Walter should establish to meet his goals of providing the land to his mother while still having an ownership interest in it.

New Zealand's government has increased its spending this year, leading to a growing budget deficit.

At the same time, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (New Zealand's central bank) said it would continue to try to stimulate the economy. This stimulus is likely to lead to rising prices for consumer goods, even as the prices of producer goods remain low.

1.How should we expect inflation as measured by CPI and as measured by the GDP deflator to compare to each other in the future in New Zealand? Why?  

2.Inflation in New Zealand is expected to pick back up in the near future.

How will this inflation affect the economy? Your answer should discuss costs, benefits, winners, and losers from this inflation.