Consider a liver cell carrying out the oxidation of glucose under aerobic conditions. Suppose that we added a very potent and specific inhibitor of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, completely inhibiting this enzyme. Indicate whether each of the following statements about the effect of this inhibitor is true or false; if false, please explain in detail why it is false.

(a) ATP production in the cell will quickly drop to zero.

(b) The rate of glucose consumption by this cell will decrease sharply.

(c) The rate of oxygen consumption will increase.

(d) The citric acid cycle will speed up to compensate.

(e) The cell will switch to fatty acid oxidation as an alternative to glucose oxidation, and the inhibitor will therefore have no effect on ATP production.

1. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has been instrumental in our every-expanding pursuit of genomic knowledge. reverse transcriptase is an enzyme uses mRNA as a template and in the presence of dNTP's makes a compliments DNA (cDNA, still technically not a violation of the central dogma

A. if i engrafted all RNA's from a cell then purified the spliced and poly-adenylated mRNA, could i use reverse transcriptase and illumine sequencing. Explain your answer

B. If I wanted to compare this sample to another sample (say diseased vs normal) explain how indeces help with this process. Also explain this potential approach over qRT-PCr

Please answer A and B

1. The development of internal male reproductive structures such as the sperm ducts and prostate gland are an important role of___the primary androgen.

2. Observational studies have shown that___vitamin D is associated with a___risk of nonskeletal diseases. low; lower, high: greater, There is no link between vitamin D and nonskeletal diseases, orl ow; greater?

3. Lipids are nutrients required by the body in large quantities Therefore, lipids are called a _____.

4. A genetic mutation has altered the shape of an enzyme found within cells. The altered shape prevents the enzynge from functioning normally because a small, organic molecule called a(n) ____cannot bind to the enzymes . protein, vitamin carbohydrate, or mineral?

PLEASE TYPE OUT YOUR WORK

1A)Explain the difference between primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of proteins, including similarities and differences in hydrogen bonding of EACH STRUCTURE WITH ONE ANOTHER

1 B) Distinguish between parallel and antiparallel BETA-sheets

1C) which kinds of forces stabilize proteins at different levels of structure, i.e., what stabilizes secondary structure, what causes protein chains to fold into tertiary structure, what holds oligomers together?

1D) which bonds can rotate in proteins, and WHAT ARE the names of the angles describing that rotation

1E) . Describe what an enzyme assay is, and how it is used in a protein purification.

3. Mrs. Natasha gave birth to a boy child and her friend Mrs. Tina gave birth to a female child. When the babies are born, the environment is different both inside and outside of the body. Based on the above case answer your questions. (2.5 Marks)

a) How do the new born girl and boy babies are coping up with new environment?

b) What type of enzyme and neurotransmitters are involved with this process?

c) Is there any difference between these babies in coping up with the new environment? Comment on it.

d) Which type of tissue is involved in this process?

e) Mention the name of the gas which is involved in this process.

f) Write any two locations of this tissue.

Your colleague has isolated a mutant bacterial strain and found the dna 5x10^8 bp in length. she has asked you to do restriction mapping. you start by determining the base composition of the bacterium, and find that the bacteria consists of 24% Thymine and 26% Guanine. you plan on using the enzyme NOTI which recognizes the sequence 5'-GCGGCCGC-3'

a) How many fragments would you expect assuming that it occurs randomly throughout the genome

b)your colleague also provided several variants of her strain of bacteria. You test all of them and found differences in their respective banding pattern, in a simple statement, what could account for this?

Please help me Calculate fraction denatured and equilibrium constant at each temperature and plot ln K vs T-1 graph, once plotted Find ΔH, ΔS and ΔG(T=75) (mention any assumptions you made) and What is the Tm for each protein

1)

Which of the following are TRUE about the process of translation? (Select all that apply)

2)

Which of the following biological tools is necessary for transferring a gene from one source of DNA to another?

1.The TCA cycle in a particular tissue has been inhibited by fluoroacetate. However, it is not the fluoroacetate that is responsible for the inhibition. It gets converted to another molecule that enters the TCA cycle and is transformed into the inhibitor.

a) Propose the inhibitor molecule and mechanistically show the conversion of fluoroacetate to the inhibitor.

b) Indicate at what step fluoroacetate ultimately inhibits the TCA cycle.

c) Explain why you think fluoroacetate acts as an inhibitor of this enzyme? Your answer should include some sort of mechanistic explanation.

d) What difference in the concentration of each TCA cycle metabolite would you expect, compared with a normal uninhibited tissue? List each metabolite and indicate the effect on its concentration.

Why is kcat not necessarily the best way to evaluate or compare the activities of two enzymes? What “adjustment” can be made to make the term more useful and why? A) Define the rate constants k1, k2 and k-1. Given k1 of 2x10^-8/M s, k2 of 5x10^3/s, and k-1 of 1x10^3/s, what is KD? what is KM? B) Which substrate is preferred: R, for which enzyme X has a KM of 2mM? OR Q, for which X has a KM is 7mM? Explain. If k2 for Q is 2x10^4/s and for R is 4x10^5/s, which substrate yields the best catalytic efficiency? Explain.