Imagine that in a metabolic pathway, one of the steps involves the oxidation of saturated compound to an unsaturated compound, with the concomitant reduction of the cofactor FAD to FADH2 as shown below:

            R-CH2-CH2-R'    +    FAD    <---->   R-CH=CH-R'    +    FADH2

Imagine further that ΔG°´ for this reaction is 0 kcal/mol. Given this scenario, what would be the equilibrium concentration of FADH2 (expressed in mM to the nearest tenth of a unit) if a biochemist started with a solution that contained 0.011 M each of R-CH2-CH2-R', FAD, and FADH2 (but no R-CH=CH-R'), along with 20 nM concentration of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction?

1. Ramachandran plot is useful in telling which of the following property of a protein: (with explaination)
A. sequence
B. structure
C. function
D. modification

2. SDS is used in protein electrophoresis because? (with explaination)
A. it denatures proteins
B. it stains protein
C. it provides protein with charges
D. it makes the size of protein different.

3. Whichnof the following is not a mechanism for altering the flux of metabolities through the rate-determinating step of a pathway?
A. allosteric control of the enzyme activity.
B. Diffusional coupling between adjacent active sites
C. lower affinity for proton
D. higher affinity for proton

1. If the proofreading mechanism of the DNA Polymerase fails, what else can the cell do to fix mistakes?

2. A cell, not during the process of DNA replication, has 2 nucleotides (both T's) that formed a dimer in a single strand. The two dimerized nucleotides aren't base-pairing to the complementary strand.

a) What do you think caused this to occur?

b) what would normally happen in this situation?

C) What if the enzyme, Nuclease, was inactivated in that cell.. what would or wouldn't happen?

d) If there were no nuclease, what would happedn the next time the cell divides ?

1. Gastrin is secreted by;

1. Small intestine
2. Liver
3. Pancreas
4. Stomach

2. Hormone secretin:

1. Converts trypsinogen to trypsin
2. Stimulates release of pancreatic juices
3. Inhibits release of pancreatic juices
4. Stimulates secretion of bicarbonate from pancreas into duodenum

3. ____________is a proteolytic enzyme in pancreatic juices:

1. Trypsin
2. Amylase
3. Nuclease
4. Gastrin

4. Chief cells of stomach epithelium secretes:

1. Pepsinogen
2. HCl
3. Mucus
4. Gastrin

5. Fats, proteins and carbohydrates are digested in:

1. Small intestine
2. Stomach
3. Liver
4. Large intestine

6. Pyloric sphincter connects ___________ to ____________:

1. Small intestine; large intestine
2. Esophagus; stomach
3. Stomach; small intestine
4. Liver; gall bladder

You are given a drink that you are told is sweetened with either maltose or lactose. Using the following resources explain how you would test if the drink was sweetened with either lactose or maltose? Explain the carbohydrate chemistry behind the test to justify your answer. The only (!) resources available to you include: - the drink - the enzyme lactase - the Somogyi-Nelson reagents for the determination of reducing sugars Questions: i) concisely describe the tests that you would use: ii) describe the observations that would be made if the drink contained maltose: iii) describe the observations that would be made if the drink contained lactose:

Jeffrey Mitton and his colleagues found three genotypes (R2R2, R2R3, and R3R3) at a locus encoding the enzyme peroxidase in ponderosa pine trees growing at Glacier Lake, Colorado. The observed numbers of these genotypes were: Genotypes: Number observed: R2R2 135 R2R3 44 R3R3 11 a. Determine the allele frequencies for the R2 and R3 alleles. b. Use the Chi square test to determine if this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the peroxidase trait. Generate a Chi square value. c. Interpret the Chi square value from part (b). If the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, suggest a reason why.

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of using transgenic plants?

1) Human Capital:

Consider two sources of human capital accumulation-education and on-the-job training-and think about what factors might be conducive to each. In the education sphere, keep in mind the distinction between primary and higher education. Discuss what you might expect in the following societies.

(i) Societies in which individuals typically look after their ageing parents, compared to societies in which parents do not expect economic benefits from their children.

(iii) Societies in which education is supplied by the free market, compared to societies in which the state is responsible for the provision of education.

To-Air-is-Human, Inc. (TAH) manufactures lightweight unpowered and human-powered aircraft. They have decided to produce a brand-new low-cost two-seater glider kit for the consumer market, which they will sell direct to the consumer.  They will have a dedicated facility that they rent for $100,000 for the year. They will also rent two large molding machines for fabrication of the glider hull at $4500 apiece. The production line will be manned by four skilled workers, whose salaries total $115,000 for the year. Hull parts will total 680 lbs. of high-grade aluminum, which may be purchased at a delivered price of $2300/ton. Other parts will be contracted for inclusion in the kit: four windows per plane at $95 per window, two padded seats (with built-in seat assembly) at $110 apiece, steering mechanism at $225, all ailerons and louvers in a set for $400, and fixed landing gear for $175. The crate for shipping the product costs $40 for a single kit, and all shipping costs are assumed by the consumer. Advertising in a glider enthusiast magazine costs $500 for the year.  The advertised price will be $6999. How many glider kits does TAH have to sell in order to break even?

Follow up question: Neiman-Marcus wants to sell the TAH glider exclusively through their upscale Christmas catalog, and is willing to buy 120 of them from TAH, if TAH will chip in $16,000 for the catalog distribution. If all other parameters (except Q , of course, and the fact that they would no longer advertise in the magazine) from part A are the same, what breakeven price should TAH charge Neiman Marcus?

Explain how human resource management and human resource information systems evolve over time. Explain which HRIS types your current or previous employer utilizes. If your current or previous organization does not utilize a HRIS, which types would you recommend? How does the utilization of those systems promote transformational HR activities?

Why is feedback from HRIS customers/users important to a HRIS implementation team? Explain your experiences with HRIS as both an employee and non-employee. Next, explain how N-tier architecture or cloud computing has simplified HRIS usage and maintenance?