You are studying a bacterial strain that is an obligate aerobe. The bacteria can do some fermentation and produce lactic acid as an end product, but normally only when starved for oxygen and can’t survive on fermentation alone. Your rival dumps a chemical into your prize culture. This chemical binds to the first protein in the electron transport chain, locking it into a fully reduced and inhibited state permanently. Describe the predicted consequences of this poison on the function of the following proteins or pathways. In each case, in 1-2 sentences describe: How the process normally works. How the process is affected by the poison initially (as the poison first acts) How the process is affected by the poison in the long term. Glycolysis: Krebs cycle: ATP Synthase: ( In the end, can this bacteria survive in the presence of this chemical? Yes or No

1.Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P). It bypasses the irreversible glycolytic reaction of glucokinase. Select the best answer that explains why G6Pase does not catalyze the reverse reaction of glucokinase.

A. G6Pase catalyzes an endergonic reaction

B. G6Pase hydrolyzes G6P

C. G6Pase requires energy from ATP to dephosphorylate G6P

D. G6Pase requires only one substrate

5. Insulin and glucagon oppositely control glucose metabolism in the liver. The former is elevated in response to a carbohydrate meal (fed state) and the latter in response to fasting. Show the overall effect of each on the pathways of glucose metabolism.

OPTIONS FOR TABLE: increase or decrease

Rank the species below in terms of suitability as a model system for studying critical aspects of human biology, (1=most preferred, 5=least preferred). Note that all five have been used to study human disease. Explain why you made the choices you did.

Dog

Rhesus monkey             

Mouse               

Chimpanzee            

Armadillo

Many people argue about whether or not it is important to save animal diversity. Should human hardship be factored into the equation? Set up your own personal debate, and come up with several reasons why maintaining animal diversity is important and then some scenarios of when you think human survival/benefit might be more important.

1. What does it mean biologically to be human? How can evolution explain both the unity and diversity of human phenotypes? Use specific examples of evidence and some version of the following terms in your answer: neutral genetic variation, evolution, natural selection, drift/bottleneck/founder effect, migration, mutation, and species/population/lineage.

Describe ALL three theories X, Y, Z in industrial psychology. In your view, are they really theories of "human nature" or are they really descriptions of three kinds of organizations or organizational structure that produce one kind of 'human nature' or another? You must justify your answer with examples with either personal experience or reference current events.

In our discussion of coral reef. Explain how the human impact has impacted the coral reef. a) What trait might be selected for in the coral population that would allow for adaptation to the impacts caused by human? (i.e. what selection pressure might their be?) b) What type of interspecific interactions describes the interaction within the coral AND the coral reef?