Gluconeogenesis

1. As part of the metabolic pathway for amino acid degradation, malate not oxalacetate is transported into the cytoplasm form the mitochondrion. Why malate?

2. Explain how carbon dioxide serves to couple ATP hydrolysis into the energetics of the synthesis of PEP to pyruvate? Provide both mechanism and energetics.

These two questions are from a study guide and I'm struggling finding the answers in my notes and text book, thank you for your help!

2. How many ATP molecules are needed to give 22 kcal of energy? How much energy is given by 7.5 moles of ATP?
5. How many ATP will be produced if maltose is degraded and it undergoes glycolytic pathway only?
6. How many ATP will be produced if maltose is completely oxidized through cellular respiration?
7. How many ATP will be produced if the amino acid leucine will be used as a metabolite in the krebs cycle?

You just ate a huge Brownie Delight from Diary Castle. Instead of working out like you had planned,
you end up sitting on the couch watching House of Cards and Agents of Shield. In your liver, what is
going to happen to the fat pathways? How does this affect the citric acid cycle? How does this
ultimately affect oxidative phosphorylation? What happens to your amino acid pathways?

Researchers Hill and Barton used data from the 2004 Olympics to test whether one uniform color (red or blue) gave athletes a competitive advantage. In the sports of boxing tae kwon do, and wrestling, athletes are randomly assigned either a red or blue uniform. They found that out of 457 matches, the competitor in red won 248 times.

Let pi be the long-term probability that an Olympic match of boxing tae kwon do, or wrestling is won by the athlete wearing a red uniform. Then we want to test

H0:π=0.50

Ha:π≠0.50

a. Is a normal approximation for the null distribution appropriate?

A. No
B. Yes

b. Compute a theory-based p-value for this study. If a normal approximation is appropriate, then use a normal approximation. If not, then use a binomial distribution.

c. What is your conclusion?

A. There is moderate evidence that the long-term probability of winning for Olympic athletes in red uniforms is not 0.5.
B. There is strong evidence that the long-term probability of winning for Olympic athletes in red uniforms is not 0.5.
C. It is plausible that the long-term probability of winning for Olympic athletes in red uniforms is 0.5.

With a new mass shooting nearly every day, it is not surprising that violent crime is on everyone’s minds.   Using the FBI’s crime statistics from randomly selected U.S. cities, answer the following questions:

Perform a correlation. What is the correlation coefficient?

If there IS a correlation, what other variables may be acting as intervening variables (e.g., causing the change in crime rate making it appear as if there is a relationship when one doesn’t exist.)?

If there is NOT a relationship, between unemployment and violent crime, can you think of any variables that might be acting as suppressors (i.e. dampening a relationship that might actually be there)?

Perform a regression to predict violent crime. Show your regression analysis.

Write out the prediction model.

What does the model tell you?

Are the model’s results accurate and reliable? How do you know?

what jumps out as a MAJOR issue with the crime data?

A coffee company sells bags of coffee beans with an advertised weight of 454 grams. A random sample of 20 bags of coffee beans has an average weight of 457 grams. Weights of coffee beans per bag are known to follow a normal distribution with standard deviation 5 grams.

(a) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the true mean weight of all bags of coffee beans. (Instead of typing ±, simply type +-.) (1 mark)

(b) Provide an interpretation of the confidence interval in (a). (1 mark)

(c) Conduct a hypothesis test at the 5% level of significance to determine if there is evidence that the true mean weight of all bags of coffee beans differs from 454 grams. You will be marked on your calculation of the appropriate test statistic, P-value and a carefully worded conclusion.

(d) Provide an interpretation of the P-value in (c). (1 mark)

(e) Could the confidence interval in (a) have been used to conduct the test in (c)? Explain why or why not. If it could have been used, what would your conclusion be and why? (1 mark)

1. Determine the molarity of a KOH solution when each of the following amounts of acid neutralizes 25.0mL of the KOH solution.

5.00mL of 0.500 M H₂SO₄

20.00 mL of 0.250 M HNO₃

13.07mL of 0.100 M H3PO₄

10.00mL of 1.00 mL of 1.00 M HCl.

2 How many mEq of HCO₃^- are present in a solution that also contains 75 mEq of Na⁺, 83mEq K^+, 35 mEq HCO₃^-, 153 mEq Cl^-.

^{3 .}What is the PH of a buffer that is 0.230 M in a weak acid and 0.500M in the acid’s conjugate base? The pk_a for the acid is 6.72.

4. Calculate the pK_a value for each of the following acids

Nitrous acid K_a = 4.5 *10^-4

Carbonic acid, K_a = 4.3 * 10⁷

Dihydrogen phosphate ion, K_a =6.2 * 10^-8

Sulfurous acid, K_a   = 1.5 *10^-2

^5. The HCL in a 1.10 M HCI solution is 100% dissociated. What are the molar concentrations of HCI, H₃O⁺ and Cl^- in the solution.

6.What is the PH of a buffer that is 0.150 M in a weak acid and 0.150M in the acid’s conjugates base? The acids ionization constant is 6.8 * 10^-6

All early civilizations – i.e. prehistoric, Near Eastern, Egyptian, Aegean, Greek, and Roman – attempted to represent the human figure within their art. Within this essay, provide a comprehensive analysis of the similarities and differences in the representation of the human form in these early depictions. Address not only the artistic portrayal of the human body, but also how these art forms were significant within the culture in which they were created. Provide specific artwork examples (including identifying data, such as titles or source references) throughout your essay

"Where there is no human connection, there is no compassion. Without compassion, then community, commitment, loving-kindness, human understanding, and peace all shrivel. Individuals become isolated, the isolated turn cruel, and the tragic hovers in the forms of domestic and civil violence. Art and literature are antidotes to that." ~ Susan Vreeland

What is your interpretation of the quote above? Do you agree or disagree with Vreeland? Explain Why? or Why not? Do you believe that art and literature are antidotes to the cruelty of life and the human condition? How?

In music, middle C has a frequency of about 256 Hz - the precise frequency depends on the tuning scheme. How does the wavelength of a middle C note propagating through air compare to the size of a typical human body? How does the wavelength of the same note propagating through water compare to the human body? What frequency of sound in air has a wavelength nearly the size of a human head? This size is important because we have diminished ability to determine the direction to a source of this tone.